Kapitel 79		Paper 79
Anditernes Udbredelse I Østen		Andite Expansion in the Orient
79:0.1 (878.1) ASIEN er hjemland for den menneskelige race. Det var på en sydlig halvø af dette kontinent, Andon og Fonta blev født; i højlandet af det nuværende Afghanistan, grundlagde deres efterkommer Badonan et primitivt kultur centrum, der varede i over en halv million år. Her i dette menneskeslægtens østlige centrum differentierede Sangikfolkene fra den Andoniske slægtslinje, og Asien var deres første hjem, deres første jagtområde, deres første slagmark. Sydvestlige Asien bevidner Dalamatianernes, Noditernes, Adamiternes og Anditernes på hinandens følgende civilisationer, og fra disse områder spredes den moderne civilisations potentialer sig til verden.		79:0.1 (878.1) ASIA is the homeland of the human race. It was on a southern peninsula of this continent that Andon and Fonta were born; in the highlands of what is now Afghanistan, their descendant Badonan founded a primitive center of culture that persisted for over one-half million years. Here at this eastern focus of the human race the Sangik peoples differentiated from the Andonic stock, and Asia was their first home, their first hunting ground, their first battlefield. Southwestern Asia witnessed the successive civilizations of Dalamatians, Nodites, Adamites, and Andites, and from these regions the potentials of modern civilization spread to the world.
1. Anditerne i turkestan ^top		1. The Andites of Turkestan ^top
79:1.1 (878.2) I over femogtyvetusinde år, ned til næsten år 2000 f.Kr., var hjertet af Eurasien overvejende, men i aftagende grad, Anditisk. Fra Turkestans lavland drejede Anditerne vestpå omkring indlandssøerne i Europa, mens dem fra denne regions højland, trængte østover. Østturkestan (Sinkiang), og, i mindre grad, Tibet var de gamle porte, hvorigennem disse folk fra Mesopotamien trængte over bjergene til de gule mennesker i de nordlige landområder. Anditernes infiltration i Indien udgik fra Turkestan højlandet ind i Punjab og fra de iranske græsningsarealer gennem Baluchistan. Disse tidligere vandringer var på ingen måde erobringer; tværtimod var de snarere en kontinuerlig tilstrømning af anditiske stammer til det vestlige Indien og Kina.		79:1.1 (878.2) For over twenty-five thousand years, on down to nearly 2000 b.c., the heart of Eurasia was predominantly, though diminishingly, Andite. In the lowlands of Turkestan the Andites made the westward turning around the inland lakes into Europe, while from the highlands of this region they infiltrated eastward. Eastern Turkestan (Sinkiang) and, to a lesser extent, Tibet were the ancient gateways through which these peoples of Mesopotamia penetrated the mountains to the northern lands of the yellow men. The Andite infiltration of India proceeded from the Turkestan highlands into the Punjab and from the Iranian grazing lands through Baluchistan. These earlier migrations were in no sense conquests; they were, rather, the continual drifting of the Andite tribes into western India and China.
79:1.2 (878.3) I næsten femten tusind år bestod centrene af blandet anditisk kultur i Tarim-flodens dal i Sinkiang og mod syd i Tibets højlandsregioner, hvor Anditerne og Andoniterne i stor udstrækning havde blandet sig. Tarimdalen var den østligste forpost for den oprindelige anditiske kultur. Her byggede de deres bosættelser og etablerede handelsforbindelserne med de progressive kinesere mod øst og med Andoniterne mod nord. På den tid var Tarim-regionen et frugtbart land; nedbøren var rigeligt. Mod øst var Gobi et åben græsningsareal, hvor hyrder langsomt vænnede sig til landbruget. Denne civilisation gik til grunde, da regnvindene flyttede sig mod sydøst, men i sin tid konkurrerede den med Mesopotamien.		79:1.2 (878.3) For almost fifteen thousand years centers of mixed Andite culture persisted in the basin of the Tarim River in Sinkiang and to the south in the highland regions of Tibet, where the Andites and Andonites had extensively mingled. The Tarim valley was the easternmost outpost of the true Andite culture. Here they built their settlements and entered into trade relations with the progressive Chinese to the east and with the Andonites to the north. In those days the Tarim region was a fertile land; the rainfall was plentiful. To the east the Gobi was an open grassland where the herders were gradually turning to agriculture. This civilization perished when the rain winds shifted to the southeast, but in its day it rivaled Mesopotamia itself.
79:1.3 (878.4) Omkring år 8000 f.Kr. begyndte den langsomme tiltagende tørke i Centralasiens højlandsregioner at drive Anditerne til floddalene og havets kyster. Denne tiltagende tørke drev dem ikke kun til dalene ved Nilen, Eufrat, Indus, og den Gule floder, men skabte også en ny udvikling i Anditernes civilisation. En ny klasse af mænd, de handlende, begyndte at dukke op i stort antal.		79:1.3 (878.4) By 8000 b.c. the slowly increasing aridity of the highland regions of central Asia began to drive the Andites to the river bottoms and the seashores. This increasing drought not only drove them to the valleys of the Nile, Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow rivers, but it produced a new development in Andite civilization. A new class of men, the traders, began to appear in large numbers.
79:1.4 (879.1) Når vejrforholdene gjorde jagt urentabelt for de vandrende Anditer, fulgte de ikke de ældre racers evolutionære vej ved at blive hyrder. Handel og byliv opstod. Fra Egypten gennem Mesopotamien og Turkestan til floderne i Kina og Indien, begyndte de mere højt civiliserede stammer at samle sig i byer, hvor de koncentrerede sig om håndværk og handel. Adonia blev Centralasiens handelsmetropol, og lå i nærheden af den nuværende by Ashkhabad. Handel med sten, metal, træ og keramik blev accelereret både til lands og til havs.		79:1.4 (879.1) When climatic conditions made hunting unprofitable for the migrating Andites, they did not follow the evolutionary course of the older races by becoming herders. Commerce and urban life made their appearance. From Egypt through Mesopotamia and Turkestan to the rivers of China and India, the more highly civilized tribes began to assemble in cities devoted to manufacture and trade. Adonia became the central Asian commercial metropolis, being located near the present city of Ashkhabad. Commerce in stone, metal, wood, and pottery was accelerated on both land and water.
79:1.5 (879.2) Men den stadigt tiltagende tørke førte gradvist til den store anditiske udvandring fra landområderne syd og øst for det Kaspiske Hav. Strømmen af migration begyndte at dreje fra nord til syd, og de babyloniske ryttere begyndte at trænge ind i Mesopotamien.		79:1.5 (879.2) But ever-increasing drought gradually brought about the great Andite exodus from the lands south and east of the Caspian Sea. The tide of migration began to veer from northward to southward, and the Babylonian cavalrymen began to push into Mesopotamia.
79:1.6 (879.3) Den tiltagende tørke i Centralasien reducerede yderligere befolkningen og gjorte disse mennesker mindre krigeriske; og da den aftagende nedbør mod nord tvang de nomadiske Andoniter sydpå, var der en enorm udvandring af Anditer fra Turkestan. Dette er de såkaldte arieres sidste vandringer til Levanten og Indien. Det var kulminationen på den lange spredning af de blandede efterkommere, hvor alle asiater og de fleste øfolk i Stillehavet til en vis grad blev forbedret af disse overlegne racer.		79:1.6 (879.3) Increasing aridity in central Asia further operated to reduce population and to render these people less warlike; and when the diminishing rainfall to the north forced the nomadic Andonites southward, there was a tremendous exodus of Andites from Turkestan. This is the terminal movement of the so-called Aryans into the Levant and India. It culminated that long dispersal of the mixed descendants of Adam during which every Asiatic and most of the island peoples of the Pacific were to some extent improved by these superior races.
79:1.7 (879.4) Mens de spredte sig over den østlige halvkugle, blev Anditerne således frataget deres hjemlande i Mesopotamien og Turkestan, for det var denne omfattende bevægelse af Andoniter sydover, der fortyndede Anditerne i Centralasien til et punkt, tæt på deres udryddelse.		79:1.7 (879.4) Thus, while they dispersed over the Eastern Hemisphere, the Andites were dispossessed of their homelands in Mesopotamia and Turkestan, for it was this extensive southward movement of Andonites that diluted the Andites in central Asia nearly to the vanishing point.
79:1.8 (879.5) Men selv i det tyvende århundrede efter Kristus er der spor af anditisk blod blandt de turaniske og tibetanske folk, som det ses af de blonde typer, der lejlighedsvis findes i disse regioner. De tidlige kinesiske annaler fortæller om tilstedeværelsen af de rødhårede nomader nord for de fredelige bosættelser ved Den Gule Flod, og der findes stadig malerier, som trofast fortæller om tilstedeværelsen af både de blonde anditter og de brunhårede mongoler i Tarim-bækkenet for længe siden.		79:1.8 (879.5) But even in the twentieth century after Christ there are traces of Andite blood among the Turanian and Tibetan peoples, as is witnessed by the blond types occasionally found in these regions. The early Chinese annals record the presence of the red-haired nomads to the north of the peaceful settlements of the Yellow River, and there still remain paintings which faithfully record the presence of both the blond-Andite and the brunet-Mongolian types in the Tarim basin of long ago.
79:1.9 (879.6) Den sidste store manifestation af de centralasiatiske Anditers slumrende militært genialitet, kom kraftigt til udtryk i år 1200 e. Kr., da mongolerne under Djengis Khan begyndte erobringen af den største del af det asiatiske kontinent. Ligesom de gamle Anditer, proklamerede disse krigere eksistensen af “en Gud i himlen.” Den tidlige opløsning af deres imperium forsinkede længe det kulturelle samkvem mellem Vesten og Østen og hæmmede i høj grad væksten af det monoteistiske koncept i Asien.		79:1.9 (879.6) The last great manifestation of the submerged military genius of the central Asiatic Andites was in a.d. 1200, when the Mongols under Genghis Khan began the conquest of the greater portion of the Asiatic continent. And like the Andites of old, these warriors proclaimed the existence of “one God in heaven.” The early breakup of their empire long delayed cultural intercourse between Occident and Orient and greatly handicapped the growth of the monotheistic concept in Asia.
2. Anditernes erobring af indien ^top		2. The Andite Conquest of India ^top
79:2.1 (879.7) Indien er den eneste lokalitet, hvor alle Urantias racer blev blandet, og den Anditiske invasion tilføjede de sidste raceelementer. I højlandet nordvest for Indien opstod Sangikracerne, og uden undtagelse trængte medlemmerne af alle disse racer ind på det Indiske delkontinent i deres tidlige dage, og efterlod sig den mest heterogene raceblanding som nogensinde har eksisteret på Urantia. Det gamle Indien fungerede som et modtagelsescenter for de migrerende racer. Bunden af halvøen var tidligere noget smallere end nu, fordi meget af Ganges og Indus deltaer er opstået i løbet af de sidste halvtreds tusinde år.		79:2.1 (879.7) India is the only locality where all the Urantia races were blended, the Andite invasion adding the last stock. In the highlands northwest of India the Sangik races came into existence, and without exception members of each penetrated the subcontinent of India in their early days, leaving behind them the most heterogeneous race mixture ever to exist on Urantia. Ancient India acted as a catch basin for the migrating races. The base of the peninsula was formerly somewhat narrower than now, much of the deltas of the Ganges and Indus being the work of the last fifty thousand years.
79:2.2 (879.8) De tidligste raceblandinger i Indien var en blanding af de vandrende røde og gule racer med de oprindelige Andoniter. Denne gruppe blev senere svækket ved at absorbere størstedelen af de uddøde østlige grønne folkeslag samt et store antal af den orangefarvede race men blev lidt forbedret gennem begrænset blanding med de blå mennesker, men led overordentlig gennem assimilering af et større antal af den indigofarvede race. De såkaldte indfødte i Indien er næppe repræsentative for disse tidlige mennesker; de er snarere den mest afvigende befolkning i den sydlige og østlige udkant, som aldrig blev fuldt absorberet af enten de tidlige Anditer eller deres senere fremkomne ariske fætre.		79:2.2 (879.8) The earliest race mixtures in India were a blending of the migrating red and yellow races with the aboriginal Andonites. This group was later weakened by absorbing the greater portion of the extinct eastern green peoples as well as large numbers of the orange race, was slightly improved through limited admixture with the blue man, but suffered exceedingly through assimilation of large numbers of the indigo race. But the so-called aborigines of India are hardly representative of these early people; they are rather the most inferior southern and eastern fringe, which was never fully absorbed by either the early Andites or their later appearing Aryan cousins.
79:2.3 (880.1) Omkring 20.000 år f.Kr. var befolkningen i det vestlige Indien allerede blevet farvet af det adamiske blod, og aldrig i Urantias historie har noget folk kombineret så mange forskellige racer. Men det var uheldigt, at anden gradens Sangiske racegrupper var fremherskende, og det var en virkelig katastrofe, at både de blå og de røde mennesker i så høj grad manglede i denne racemæssige smeltedigel fra for længe siden; et stort tilskud fra første gradens Sangikfolk ville have bidraget meget til forbedringen af, hvad der kunne have været en endnu større civilisation. Som det udviklede sig, ødelagde de røde mennesker sig selv i Amerika, og de blå mennesker tumlede rundt i Europa, og de tidlige efterkommere af Adam (og de fleste af de senere) udviste ringe lyst til at blande sig med de mørkere farvede folkeslag, hverken i Indien, Afrika eller andre steder.		79:2.3 (880.1) By 20,000 b.c. the population of western India had already become tinged with the Adamic blood, and never in the history of Urantia did any one people combine so many different races. But it was unfortunate that the secondary Sangik strains predominated, and it was a real calamity that both the blue and the red man were so largely missing from this racial melting pot of long ago; more of the primary Sangik strains would have contributed very much toward the enhancement of what might have been an even greater civilization. As it developed, the red man was destroying himself in the Americas, the blue man was disporting himself in Europe, and the early descendants of Adam (and most of the later ones) exhibited little desire to admix with the darker colored peoples, whether in India, Africa, or elsewhere.
79:2.4 (880.2) Omkring år 15.000 f.Kr. førte stigende befolkningspres over hele Turkestan og Iran til Anditernes første virkelig omfattende bevægelse i retning af Indien. I mere end femten århundreder strømmede disse højerestående folkeslag ind gennem Baluchistan højland, spredte sig ud over Indus- og Ganges dalene og bevægede sig langsomt sydpå ind i Deccan. Dette pres fra Anditerne i nordvest drev mange af de sydlige og østlige laverestående grupper ind i Burma og det sydlige Kina, men ikke tilstrækkeligt til at redde angriberne fra race udslettelse.		79:2.4 (880.2) About 15,000 b.c. increasing population pressure throughout Turkestan and Iran occasioned the first really extensive Andite movement toward India. For over fifteen centuries these superior peoples poured in through the highlands of Baluchistan, spreading out over the valleys of the Indus and Ganges and slowly moving southward into the Deccan. This Andite pressure from the northwest drove many of the southern and eastern inferiors into Burma and southern China but not sufficiently to save the invaders from racial obliteration.
79:2.5 (880.3) Indiens manglende evne til at opnå hegemoni i Eurasien var i høj grad et spørgsmål om topografi; befolkningspresset fra nord pressede kun størstedelen af folket sydpå ind i Deccan-områdets faldende areal, som på alle sider var omgivet af havet. Hvis der havde været tilstødende lande at udvandre til, ville de laverestående være blevet trængt ud i alle retninger, og de overlegne bestande ville have opnået en højere civilisation.		79:2.5 (880.3) The failure of India to achieve the hegemony of Eurasia was largely a matter of topography; population pressure from the north only crowded the majority of the people southward into the decreasing territory of the Deccan, surrounded on all sides by the sea. Had there been adjacent lands for emigration, then would the inferiors have been crowded out in all directions, and the superior stocks would have achieved a higher civilization.
79:2.6 (880.4) Således som situationen var, så forsøgte disse tidligere Anditiske erobrere et desperat forsøg på at bevare deres identitet og dæmme op for den racemæssig opslugning af dem som race ved etablering af strenge restriktioner for blandede ægteskaber. Ikke desto mindre var Anditterne blevet oversvømmet inden 10.000 f.Kr., men hele folkemassen var blevet markant forbedret af denne absorption.		79:2.6 (880.4) As it was, these earlier Andite conquerors made a desperate attempt to preserve their identity and stem the tide of racial engulfment by the establishment of rigid restrictions regarding intermarriage. Nonetheless, the Andites had become submerged by 10,000 b.c., but the whole mass of the people had been markedly improved by this absorption.
79:2.7 (880.5) Raceblanding er altid fordelagtig, fordi den fremmer kulturens alsidighed og skaber en progressiv civilisation, men hvis de mindreværdige elementer i racerne dominerer, vil sådanne resultater være kortvarige. En polyglot kultur kan kun bevares, hvis de højerestående racer reproducerer sig selv med en sikker margin i forhold til de laverestående. Uhæmmet formering af laverestående, med faldende reproduktion af højerestående, er uvægerligt selvmorderisk for den kulturelle civilisation.		79:2.7 (880.5) Race mixture is always advantageous in that it favors versatility of culture and makes for a progressive civilization, but if the inferior elements of racial stocks predominate, such achievements will be short-lived. A polyglot culture can be preserved only if the superior stocks reproduce themselves in a safe margin over the inferior. Unrestrained multiplication of inferiors, with decreasing reproduction of superiors, is unfailingly suicidal of cultural civilization.
79:2.8 (880.6) Hvis de Anditiske erobrere havde været tre gange så mange, end de var, eller hvis de havde fordrevet eller ødelagt den mindst ønskværdige tredjedel af de blandede orange-grøn-indigofarvede indbyggere, så ville Indien være blevet en af verdens førende centre for kulturel civilisation og ville utvivlsomt have tiltrukket flere af de senere bølger af mesopotamier, der strømmede ind i Turkestan og derfra nordpå til Europa.		79:2.8 (880.6) Had the Andite conquerors been in numbers three times what they were, or had they driven out or destroyed the least desirable third of the mixed orange-green-indigo inhabitants, then would India have become one of the world’s leading centers of cultural civilization and undoubtedly would have attracted more of the later waves of Mesopotamians that flowed into Turkestan and thence northward to Europe.
3. Dravidafolkets indien ^top		3. Dravidian India ^top
79:3.1 (881.1) Blandingen mellem de Anditiske erobrere af Indien med den indfødte befolkning resulterede til sidst i de blandede mennesker, som er blevet kaldt Dravidiske. De tidligere og renere Dravidians besad en stor evne til kulturelle præstationer, som løbende blev svækket efterhånden som deres Anditiske arv blev gradvist fortyndet. Dette er, hvad der dømte Indiens spirende civilisation til undergang for næsten tolv tusinde år siden. Men tilsætning af selv denne lille mængde af det Adamiske blod gav en markant acceleration i den sociale udvikling. Denne sammensatte befolkning skabte derefter den mest alsidige civilisation på jorden.		79:3.1 (881.1) The blending of the Andite conquerors of India with the native stock eventually resulted in that mixed people which has been called Dravidian. The earlier and purer Dravidians possessed a great capacity for cultural achievement, which was continuously weakened as their Andite inheritance became progressively attenuated. And this is what doomed the budding civilization of India almost twelve thousand years ago. But the infusion of even this small amount of the blood of Adam produced a marked acceleration in social development. This composite stock immediately produced the most versatile civilization then on earth.
79:3.2 (881.2) Kort efter at de Dravidiske Anditer havde erobret Indien, mistede de deres racemæssige og kulturelle kontakt med Mesopotamien, men den senere åbning af søvejene og karavaneruterne genetablerede disse forbindelser; og på intet tidspunkt inden for de sidste 10.000 år har Indien nogensinde været helt uden forbindelse med Mesopotamien mod vest og Kina mod øst, selv om bjergbarriererne i høj grad begunstigede kontakt med vesten.		79:3.2 (881.2) Not long after conquering India, the Dravidian Andites lost their racial and cultural contact with Mesopotamia, but the later opening up of the sea lanes and the caravan routes re-established these connections; and at no time within the last ten thousand years has India ever been entirely out of touch with Mesopotamia on the west and China to the east, although the mountain barriers greatly favored western intercourse.
79:3.3 (881.3) De indiske folks højerestående kultur og religiøse præferencer dateres fra de tidlige tider af Dravidisk dominans og skyldes til dels det faktum, at så mange fra det Sethiske præsteskab kom til Indien, både i de tidligere Anditiske og de senere ariske invasioner. Den tråd af monoteisme, der løber gennem Indiens religiøse historie, stammer således fra Adamiternes lære i den anden have.		79:3.3 (881.3) The superior culture and religious leanings of the peoples of India date from the early times of Dravidian domination and are due, in part, to the fact that so many of the Sethite priesthood entered India, both in the earlier Andite and in the later Aryan invasions. The thread of monotheism running through the religious history of India thus stems from the teachings of the Adamites in the second garden.
79:3.4 (881.4) Så tidligt som 16.000 år f.Kr. ankom et selskab på hundrede Sethiske præster til Indien og opnåede næsten en religiøse erobring af hele den vestlige halvdel af dette flersprogede folk. Men deres religion varede ikke ved. I løbet af fem tusind år var deres doktriner om Paradisets treenighed degenereret til ildgudens treenige symbol.		79:3.4 (881.4) As early as 16,000 b.c. a company of one hundred Sethite priests entered India and very nearly achieved the religious conquest of the western half of that polyglot people. But their religion did not persist. Within five thousand years their doctrines of the Paradise Trinity had degenerated into the triune symbol of the fire god.
79:3.5 (881.5) Men for mere end syv tusind år, helt frem til slutningen af Anditernes folkevandringer, var indbyggernes religiøse status i Indien langt højere end i verden som helhed. I løbet af denne tid bød Indien på den førende kulturelle, religiøse, filosofiske og kommercielle civilisation i verden. Hvis ikke Anditerne var blevet fuldstændigt udslettet af folkene i syd, ville denne skæbne sandsynligvis være blevet realiseret.		79:3.5 (881.5) But for more than seven thousand years, down to the end of the Andite migrations, the religious status of the inhabitants of India was far above that of the world at large. During these times India bid fair to produce the leading cultural, religious, philosophic, and commercial civilization of the world. And but for the complete submergence of the Andites by the peoples of the south, this destiny would probably have been realized.
79:3.6 (881.6) De dravidiske kulturcentre lå i floddalene, hovedsageligt langs Indus og Ganges, og i Deccan langs de tre store floder, der strømmer gennem de østlige Ghats til havet. Bosættelserne langs kysten i det vestlige Ghats skyldtes deres fremtrædende rolle på grund af maritime forbindelser med Sumerien		79:3.6 (881.6) The Dravidian centers of culture were located in the river valleys, principally of the Indus and Ganges, and in the Deccan along the three great rivers flowing through the Eastern Ghats to the sea. The settlements along the seacoast of the Western Ghats owed their prominence to maritime relationships with Sumeria.
79:3.7 (881.7) Dravidianerne var blandt de tidligste folkeslag, der byggede byer og engagerede sig i en omfattende eksport og import handel, både til lands og til vands. I 7000 f.Kr. gjorde kamelkaravaner regelmæssige ture til det afsidesliggende Mesopotamien; dravidianernes skibsfart sejlede langs kysten over det Arabiske Hav til de sumeriske byer i Den Persiske Golf og vovede sig ud på vandet i Den Bengalske Bugt så langt som til Østindien. Et alfabet, sammen med kunsten at skrive, blev importeret fra Sumerien af disse søfarende og købmænd.		79:3.7 (881.7) The Dravidians were among the earliest peoples to build cities and to engage in an extensive export and import business, both by land and sea. By 7000 b.c. camel trains were making regular trips to distant Mesopotamia; Dravidian shipping was pushing coastwise across the Arabian Sea to the Sumerian cities of the Persian Gulf and was venturing on the waters of the Bay of Bengal as far as the East Indies. An alphabet, together with the art of writing, was imported from Sumeria by these seafarers and merchants.
79:3.8 (881.8) Disse kommercielle relationer bidrog i høj grad til den videre spredning af den kosmopolitiske kultur, hvilket resulterede i den tidlige fremkomst af mange af bylivets finesser og endda luksus. Da de senere fremkommende ariere kom til Indien, kunne de ikke i Dravidianerne genkende deres Anditiske fætre, som var absorberet ind i Sangikracernes folkemasse, men de fandt en meget veludviklet civilisation. På trods af biologiske begrænsninger grundlagde draviderne en overlegen civilisation. Den blev spredt over hele Indien og har overlevet helt frem til moderne tid i Deccan.		79:3.8 (881.8) These commercial relationships greatly contributed to the further diversification of a cosmopolitan culture, resulting in the early appearance of many of the refinements and even luxuries of urban life. When the later appearing Aryans entered India, they did not recognize in the Dravidians their Andite cousins submerged in the Sangik races, but they did find a well-advanced civilization. Despite biologic limitations, the Dravidians founded a superior civilization. It was well diffused throughout all India and has survived on down to modern times in the Deccan.
4. Ariernes invasion af indien ^top		4. The Aryan Invasion of India ^top
79:4.1 (882.1) Den anden Anditiske indtrængen i Indien var den ariske invasion i løbet af en periode på næsten 500 år i midten af det tredje årtusinde før Kristus. Denne folkevandring markerede den sidste udvandring af Anditerne fra deres hjemlande i Turkestan.		79:4.1 (882.1) The second Andite penetration of India was the Aryan invasion during a period of almost five hundred years in the middle of the third millennium before Christ. This migration marked the terminal exodus of the Andites from their homelands in Turkestan.
79:4.2 (882.2) De tidlige ariske centre var spredt over den nordlige halvdel af Indien, især i den nordvestlige del. Disse indtrængende fuldførte aldrig erobringen af landet, og mødte efterfølgende deres undergang i denne forsømmelse, da deres mindre antal gjorde dem sårbare over for absorption af draviderne i syd, som efterfølgende overtog hele halvøen undtagen Himalaya-provinserne.		79:4.2 (882.2) The early Aryan centers were scattered over the northern half of India, notably in the northwest. These invaders never completed the conquest of the country and subsequently met their undoing in this neglect since their lesser numbers made them vulnerable to absorption by the Dravidians of the south, who subsequently overran the entire peninsula except the Himalayan provinces.
79:4.3 (882.3) Arierne gjorde et meget lille racemæssigt indtryk på Indien, undtagen i de nordlige provinser. I Deccan var deres indflydelse mere kulturel og religiøs end racemæssig. Den større vedholdenhed af det såkaldte ariske blod i det nordlige Indien skyldes ikke kun deres tilstedeværelse i disse regioner i større antal, men også at de blev forstærket af senere erobrere, handelsmænd og missionærer. Helt frem til det første århundrede før Kristus var der en kontinuerlig infiltration af arisk blod ind i Punjab, og den sidste tilstrømning skete i forbindelse med de hellenistiske folkeslags krigstogter.		79:4.3 (882.3) The Aryans made very little racial impression on India except in the northern provinces. In the Deccan their influence was cultural and religious more than racial. The greater persistence of the so-called Aryan blood in northern India is not only due to their presence in these regions in greater numbers but also because they were reinforced by later conquerors, traders, and missionaries. Right on down to the first century before Christ there was a continuous infiltration of Aryan blood into the Punjab, the last influx being attendant upon the campaigns of the Hellenistic peoples.
79:4.4 (882.4) På Gangessletten blandede ariere og dravidianer sig til sidst og skabte en høj kultur, og dette center blev senere forstærket af tilskud fra nordøst, der kom fra Kina.		79:4.4 (882.4) On the Gangetic plain Aryan and Dravidian eventually mingled to produce a high culture, and this center was later reinforced by contributions from the northeast, coming from China.
79:4.5 (882.5) I Indien blomstrede mange typer af sociale organisationer op fra tid til anden, fra ariernes halvdemokratiske systemer til despotiske og monarkiske styreformer. Men det mest karakteristiske træk ved samfundet var de store sociale kaster, der blev indført af arierne i et forsøg på at bevare raceidentiteten. Dette udførlige kastesystem er blevet bevaret helt frem til i dag.		79:4.5 (882.5) In India many types of social organizations flourished from time to time, from the semidemocratic systems of the Aryans to despotic and monarchial forms of government. But the most characteristic feature of society was the persistence of the great social castes that were instituted by the Aryans in an effort to perpetuate racial identity. This elaborate caste system has been preserved on down to the present time.
79:4.6 (882.6) Af de fire store kaster, blev alle, med undtagelse af den første etableret i et forgæves forsøg på at forhindre race sammenlsmeltning af de ariske erobrere med deres laverestående undersåtter. Men den første kaste, læreren-præsterne, nedstammer fra Sethiterne; Brahmanerne i det tyvende århundrede efter Kristus er de lineære kulturelle efterkommere af præsterne i den anden have, omend deres lære er meget forskellig fra deres berømte forgængere.		79:4.6 (882.6) Of the four great castes, all but the first were established in the futile effort to prevent racial amalgamation of the Aryan conquerors with their inferior subjects. But the premier caste, the teacher-priests, stems from the Sethites; the Brahmans of the twentieth century after Christ are the lineal cultural descendants of the priests of the second garden, albeit their teachings differ greatly from those of their illustrious predecessors.
79:4.7 (882.7) Da arierne kom til Indien, medbragte de deres koncepter om guddommen, som de var blevet bevaret i de overlevende traditioner fra religionen i den anden have. Men Brahman præsterne var aldrig i stand til at modstå det hedenske momentum, der blev opbygget ved den pludselige kontakt med de laverestående religioner i Deccan efter ariernes racemæssige udslettelse. Således faldt langt størstedelen af befolkningen i slaveri under de underlegne religioners slavebindende overtro, og sådan gik det til, at Indien ikke formåede at skabe den høje civilisation, som var blevet varslet i tidligere tider.		79:4.7 (882.7) When the Aryans entered India, they brought with them their concepts of Deity as they had been preserved in the lingering traditions of the religion of the second garden. But the Brahman priests were never able to withstand the pagan momentum built up by the sudden contact with the inferior religions of the Deccan after the racial obliteration of the Aryans. Thus the vast majority of the population fell into the bondage of the enslaving superstitions of inferior religions; and so it was that India failed to produce the high civilization which had been foreshadowed in earlier times.
79:4.8 (882.8) Den åndelige vækkelse i det sjette århundrede før Kristus fortsatte ikke i Indien, hvor den døde ud allerede før den muhammedanske invasion. Men en dag vil en større Gautama måske opstå for at lede hele Indien i søgen efter den levende Gud, og så vil verden se frugten af de kulturelle potentialer hos et alsidigt folk, der så længe har ligget i koma under den bedøvende indflydelse af en uudviklet åndelig vision.		79:4.8 (882.8) The spiritual awakening of the sixth century before Christ did not persist in India, having died out even before the Mohammedan invasion. But someday a greater Gautama may arise to lead all India in the search for the living God, and then the world will observe the fruition of the cultural potentialities of a versatile people so long comatose under the benumbing influence of an unprogressing spiritual vision.
79:4.9 (883.1) Kulturen hviler på et biologisk fundament, men kastevæsenet kunne ikke alene bevare den ariske kultur, for religion, sand religion, er den uundværlig kilde af denne højere energi, der driver menneskerne til at etablere en højerestående civilisation baseret på menneskeligt broderskab.		79:4.9 (883.1) Culture does rest on a biologic foundation, but caste alone could not perpetuate the Aryan culture, for religion, true religion, is the indispensable source of that higher energy which drives men to establish a superior civilization based on human brotherhood.
5. Det røde menneske og det gule menneske ^top		5. Red Man and Yellow Man ^top
79:5.1 (883.2) Mens Indiens historie redegør for Anditernes erobring og delvise absorbering ind i de ældre evolutionære folkeslag, så er fortællingen om Østasien mere om første gradens Sangikracer, i særdeleshed det røde menneske og det gule menneske. Disse to racer undgik stort set at blive sammenblandet med Neandertalernes forringet arveelementer, som i stor udstrækning forsinkede det blå menneske i Europa, og således bevarede det højerestående potentiale hos første gradens Sangiktyper.		79:5.1 (883.2) While the story of India is that of Andite conquest and eventual submergence in the older evolutionary peoples, the narrative of eastern Asia is more properly that of the primary Sangiks, particularly the red man and the yellow man. These two races largely escaped that admixture with the debased Neanderthal strain which so greatly retarded the blue man in Europe, thus preserving the superior potential of the primary Sangik type.
79:5.2 (883.3) Mens de tidlige Neandertalere var spredt ud over hele Eurasien, var den østlige fløj den mere forurenede med forringede arveanlæg fra dyrenes verden. Disse typer af undermennesker blev drevet sydover af den femte gletsjer, den samme indlandsis, som så længe havde blokeret Sangik migrationen til det østlige Asien. Og da de røde mennesker bevægede sig mod nordøst omkring Indien højland, fandt de det nordøstlige Asien fri for disse typer af undermennesker. De røde racers stammeorganisation blev dannet tidligere end nogen andre folkeslags, og de var de første til at migrere fra sangikernes centralasiatiske fokus. De underlegne neandertalerstammer blev tilintetgjort eller fordrevet fra fastlandet af de senere indvandrende gule stammer. Men de røde mennesker havde hersket i det østlige Asien i næsten hundrede tusinde år, før de gule stammer ankom.		79:5.2 (883.3) While the early Neanderthalers were spread out over the entire breadth of Eurasia, the eastern wing was the more contaminated with debased animal strains. These subhuman types were pushed south by the fifth glacier, the same ice sheet which so long blocked Sangik migration into eastern Asia. And when the red man moved northeast around the highlands of India, he found northeastern Asia free from these subhuman types. The tribal organization of the red races was formed earlier than that of any other peoples, and they were the first to migrate from the central Asian focus of the Sangiks. The inferior Neanderthal strains were destroyed or driven off the mainland by the later migrating yellow tribes. But the red man had reigned supreme in eastern Asia for almost one hundred thousand years before the yellow tribes arrived.
79:5.3 (883.4) For mere end tre hundrede tusind år siden den ankom hovedparten af den gule race til Kina sydfra langs kysten. Hvert årtusinde, trængte de længere og længere inde i landet, men de kom ikke i kontakt med deres migrerede tibetanske brødre indtil forholdsvis nyere tid		79:5.3 (883.4) More than three hundred thousand years ago the main body of the yellow race entered China from the south as coastwise migrants. Each millennium they penetrated farther and farther inland, but they did not make contact with their migrating Tibetan brethren until comparatively recent times.
79:5.4 (883.5) Et voksende befolkningspres forårsagede at den nordgående gule race begyndte at trænge ind i de røde menneskers jagtmarker. Denne indtrængen, kombineret med den naturlige race antagonisme, kulminerede i stigende fjendtligheder, og dermed begyndte den afgørende kamp for de frugtbare områder i fjern Asien.		79:5.4 (883.5) Growing population pressure caused the northward-moving yellow race to begin to push into the hunting grounds of the red man. This encroachment, coupled with natural racial antagonism, culminated in increasing hostilities, and thus began the crucial struggle for the fertile lands of farther Asia.
79:5.5 (883.6) Historien om denne årelange kamp mellem de røde og gule racer er et epos i Urantias historie. I over to hundrede tusind år udkæmpede disse to højerestående racer bitter og utrættelig krig. I de tidligere kampe havde de røde mennesker sædvanligvis fremgang, og deres overraskelsesangreb spredte kaos blandt de gule bosættelser. Men de gule mennesker var imidlertid lærenemme når det galt krigsførelseskunsten, og udviste tidligt en markant evne til at leve fredeligt med deres landsmænd; kineserne var de første til at lære, at i enighed er der styrke. De røde stammer fortsatte deres indbyrdes konflikter, og snart begyndte de at lide gentagne nederlag ved de aggressive angreb fra de ubarmhjertige kinesere, der fortsatte deres ubønhørlige march nordpå.		79:5.5 (883.6) The story of this agelong contest between the red and yellow races is an epic of Urantia history. For over two hundred thousand years these two superior races waged bitter and unremitting warfare. In the earlier struggles the red men were generally successful, their raiding parties spreading havoc among the yellow settlements. But the yellow man was an apt pupil in the art of warfare, and he early manifested a marked ability to live peaceably with his compatriots; the Chinese were the first to learn that in union there is strength. The red tribes continued their internecine conflicts, and presently they began to suffer repeated defeats at the aggressive hands of the relentless Chinese, who continued their inexorable march northward.
79:5.6 (883.7) For et hundrede tusind år siden kæmpede de decimerede stammer af den røde race med ryggen mod den tilbagetrækkende is af den sidste gletsjer, og da landpassagen til Vesten, over Bering landtange, blev farbar, var disse stammer hurtige til at forlade det asiatiske kontinents ugæstfrie kyster. Det er femogfirs tusind år siden de sidste af de rene røde mennesker forlod Asien, men den lange kamp efterlod sit genetiske aftryk på den sejrende gule race. Folkene i det nordlige Kina, sammen med Andoniterne i Sibirien, assimilerede meget af det røde arvemateriale og fik betydelig fordel deraf.		79:5.6 (883.7) One hundred thousand years ago the decimated tribes of the red race were fighting with their backs to the retreating ice of the last glacier, and when the land passage to the West, over the Bering isthmus, became passable, these tribes were not slow in forsaking the inhospitable shores of the Asiatic continent. It is eighty-five thousand years since the last of the pure red men departed from Asia, but the long struggle left its genetic imprint upon the victorious yellow race. The northern Chinese peoples, together with the Andonite Siberians, assimilated much of the red stock and were in considerable measure benefited thereby.
79:5.7 (884.1) De nordamerikanske indianere kom aldrig i kontakt med selve det Anditiske afkom af Adam og Eva, fordi de var blevet frataget deres asiatiske hjemlande omkring halvtreds tusinde år før Adams ankomst. Under tiden med Anditernes vandringer, spredte de rene røde stammer sig over Nordamerika som nomadestammer, jægere, der i mindre omfang praktiserede landbrug. Disse racer og kulturelle grupper forblev næsten helt isoleret fra resten af verden fra deres ankomst i Amerika ned til slutningen af det første årtusinde i den kristne æra, da de blev opdaget af de hvide racer i Europa. Indtil dette tidspunkt var eskimoerne det nærmeste til de hvide mænd som de røde menneskers nordlige stammer nogensinde havde set.		79:5.7 (884.1) The North American Indians never came in contact with even the Andite offspring of Adam and Eve, having been dispossessed of their Asiatic homelands some fifty thousand years before the coming of Adam. During the age of Andite migrations the pure red strains were spreading out over North America as nomadic tribes, hunters who practiced agriculture to a small extent. These races and cultural groups remained almost completely isolated from the remainder of the world from their arrival in the Americas down to the end of the first millennium of the Christian era, when they were discovered by the white races of Europe. Up to that time the Eskimos were the nearest to white men the northern tribes of red men had ever seen.
79:5.8 (884.2) Den røde og gule race er de eneste menneskeslægter, der nogensinde har opnået en høj grad af civilisation bortset fra Anditerne påvirkning. Den ældste indianske kultur var Onamonalonton-centret i Californien, men det var for længst forsvundet 35.000 f.v.t. I Mexico, Mellemamerika og i Sydamerikas bjerge blev de senere og mere varige civilisationer grundlagt af en race, der overvejende var rød, men med en betydelig blanding af gul, orange og blå.		79:5.8 (884.2) The red and the yellow races are the only human stocks that ever achieved a high degree of civilization apart from the influences of the Andites. The oldest Amerindian culture was the Onamonalonton center in California, but this had long since vanished by 35,000 b.c. In Mexico, Central America, and in the mountains of South America the later and more enduring civilizations were founded by a race predominantly red but containing a considerable admixture of the yellow, orange, and blue.
79:5.9 (884.3) Disse civilisationer var evolutionære skabelser af Sangikracerne, på trods det faktum at spor af Anditernes blod nåede Peru. Bortset fra eskimoerne i Nordamerika og nogle få polynesiske Anditer i Sydamerika, havde befolkningerne i den vestlige halvkugle ingen kontakt med resten af verden indtil slutningen af det første årtusinde efter Kristus. I Melkisedeks oprindelige plan for forbedring af Urantias racer var det blevet fastsat, at en million af de racerene efterkommere af Adam skulle rejse til Amerika for at forbedre de røde mennesker biologisk.		79:5.9 (884.3) These civilizations were evolutionary products of the Sangiks, notwithstanding that traces of Andite blood reached Peru. Excepting the Eskimos in North America and a few Polynesian Andites in South America, the peoples of the Western Hemisphere had no contact with the rest of the world until the end of the first millennium after Christ. In the original Melchizedek plan for the improvement of the Urantia races it had been stipulated that one million of the pure-line descendants of Adam should go to upstep the red men of the Americas.
6. Den kinesiske civilisationens begyndelse ^top		6. Dawn of Chinese Civilization ^top
79:6.1 (884.4) Noget tid efter at de ekspanderende kinesere havde drevet de røde mennesker over til Nordamerika, fjernet Andoniterne fra floddalene i det østlige Asien, og skubbet dem mod nord ind i Sibirien og mod vest ind i Turkestan, kom de hurtigt i kontakt med Anditernes højerestående kultur.		79:6.1 (884.4) Sometime after driving the red man across to North America, the expanding Chinese cleared the Andonites from the river valleys of eastern Asia, pushing them north into Siberia and west into Turkestan, where they were soon to come in contact with the superior culture of the Andites.
79:6.2 (884.5) I Burma og på Indokinas halvø blandedes og forenedes den indiske og den kinesiske kultur og frembragte de på hinanden efterfølgende civilisationer i disse regioner. Her har den forsvundne grønne race overlevet i større udstrækning end noget andet sted i verden.		79:6.2 (884.5) In Burma and the peninsula of Indo-China the cultures of India and China mixed and blended to produce the successive civilizations of those regions. Here the vanished green race has persisted in larger proportion than anywhere else in the world.
79:6.3 (884.6) Mange forskellige racer besatte øerne i Stillehavet. Generelt blev de sydlige og senere mere udstrakte øer beboet af folk, der bar en stor procentdel af de grønne og indigofarvede racers blod. De nordlige øer blev beboet af Andoniter og senere, af racer med en stor andel af de gule og røde raceelementer. Forfædrene til det japanske folk blev ikke fordrevet fra fastlandet før omkring år12.000 f.Kr., da de blev fordrevet af et kraftigt syd-kystgående fremstød fra de nordlige kinesiske stammer. Deres endelige udvandring skyldtes ikke så meget befolkningspres som initiativet fra en høvding, som de kom til at betragte som en guddommelig person.		79:6.3 (884.6) Many different races occupied the islands of the Pacific. In general, the southern and then more extensive islands were occupied by peoples carrying a heavy percentage of green and indigo blood. The northern islands were held by Andonites and, later on, by races embracing large proportions of the yellow and red stocks. The ancestors of the Japanese people were not driven off the mainland until 12,000 b.c., when they were dislodged by a powerful southern-coastwise thrust of the northern Chinese tribes. Their final exodus was not so much due to population pressure as to the initiative of a chieftain whom they came to regard as a divine personage.
79:6.4 (885.1) Ligesom folkene i Indien og Levanten, etablerede de gule menneskers sejrende stammer deres tidligste centre langs kysten og op ad floderne. De kystnære bosættelser klarede sig dårligt i de senere år, da de stigende oversvømmelser og floderne skiftende retninger gjorde lavtliggende byer ubeboelige.		79:6.4 (885.1) Like the peoples of India and the Levant, victorious tribes of the yellow man established their earliest centers along the coast and up the rivers. The coastal settlements fared poorly in later years as the increasing floods and the shifting courses of the rivers made the lowland cities untenable.
79:6.5 (885.2) For tyve tusind år siden havde kinesernes forfædre opbygget et dusin stærke centre for primitiv kultur og læring, især langs Den Gule Flod og Yangtze. Nu begyndte disse centre at blive forstærket af ankomsten af en stadig strøm af højerestående blandede folkeslag fra Sinkiang og Tibet. Migrationen fra Tibet til Yangtze dalen var ikke så omfattende som i nord, og de tibetanske centre var heller ikke så avancerede som dem i Tarim bækkenet. Men begge folkevandringer førte en vis mængde af det Anditiske blod østover til bosættelserne ved floden.		79:6.5 (885.2) Twenty thousand years ago the ancestors of the Chinese had built up a dozen strong centers of primitive culture and learning, especially along the Yellow River and the Yangtze. And now these centers began to be reinforced by the arrival of a steady stream of superior blended peoples from Sinkiang and Tibet. The migration from Tibet to the Yangtze valley was not so extensive as in the north, neither were the Tibetan centers so advanced as those of the Tarim basin. But both movements carried a certain amount of Andite blood eastward to the river settlements.
79:6.6 (885.3) Den gamle gule races overlegenhed skyldtes fire vigtige faktorer:		79:6.6 (885.3) The superiority of the ancient yellow race was due to four great factors:
79:6.7 (885.4) 1. Genetiske. I modsætning til deres blå fætre i Europa, havde både den røde og gule racer stort set undgået blanding med forringede menneskelige arveanlæg. De nordlige kinesere som allerede var styrket af små mængder af de højerestående røde og Andoniske stammer, skulle snart drage fordelen af en betydelig tilstrømning af Anditisk blod. De sydlige kinesere klarede sig ikke så godt i denne henseende, og de havde længe lidt under absorbyionen af den grønne race, mens de senere skulle blive yderligere svækket af infiltration af sværme af laverestående folkeslag, der var blev trængt ud af Indien af den Dravidiske-Anditer invasion. I dagens Kina findes der en klar forskel mellem de nordlige og sydlige racer.		79:6.7 (885.4) 1. Genetic. Unlike their blue cousins in Europe, both the red and yellow races had largely escaped mixture with debased human stocks. The northern Chinese, already strengthened by small amounts of the superior red and Andonic strains, were soon to benefit by a considerable influx of Andite blood. The southern Chinese did not fare so well in this regard, and they had long suffered from absorption of the green race, while later on they were to be further weakened by the infiltration of the swarms of inferior peoples crowded out of India by the Dravidian-Andite invasion. And today in China there is a definite difference between the northern and southern races.
79:6.8 (885.5) 2. Social. Den gule race lærte tidligt værdien af indbyrdes fred. Deres interne fredsommelighed, bidrog til befolkningstilvæksten ved at sikre en tilstrækkelig udbredelsen af deres civilisation til mange millioner. Fra år 25.000 til 5000 f.Kr. var den højeste massecivilisation på Urantia i det centrale og nordlige Kina. De gule mennesker var de første til at opnå en racemæssig solidaritet—de første til at opnå en kulturel, social og politisk civilisation i stor skala.		79:6.8 (885.5) 2. Social. The yellow race early learned the value of peace among themselves. Their internal peaceableness so contributed to population increase as to insure the spread of their civilization among many millions. From 25,000 to 5000 b.c. the highest mass civilization on Urantia was in central and northern China. The yellow man was first to achieve a racial solidarity—the first to attain a large-scale cultural, social, and political civilization.
79:6.9 (885.6) Kineserne fra 15.000 f.Kr. var aggressive militarister; de var ikke blevet svækket af et overdrevet ærbødighed for fortiden, og med et antal på mindre end tolv millioner, dannede de et godt sammentømret samfund med et fælles sprog. I løbet af denne tidsalder, opbyggede de en rigtig nation, meget mere forenet og homogen end deres politiske foreninger i historisk tid.		79:6.9 (885.6) The Chinese of 15,000 b.c. were aggressive militarists; they had not been weakened by an overreverence for the past, and numbering less than twelve million, they formed a compact body speaking a common language. During this age they built up a real nation, much more united and homogeneous than their political unions of historic times.
79:6.10 (885.7) 3. Åndelig. I de anditiske folkevandringers tidsalderen var kineserne blandt de mere åndelige folkeslag på jorden. Lang tids tilbedelse af den ene sandhed, som Singlangton proklamerede, holdt dem foran de fleste af de andre racer. Stimulansen fra en progressiv og avanceret religion er ofte en afgørende faktor for den kulturelle udvikling; så mens Indien sygnede hen, gik Kina fremad under den forfriskende stimulans fra en religion, hvor sandheden var ophøjet til den højeste guddom.		79:6.10 (885.7) 3. Spiritual. During the age of Andite migrations the Chinese were among the more spiritual peoples of earth. Long adherence to the worship of the One Truth proclaimed by Singlangton kept them ahead of most of the other races. The stimulus of a progressive and advanced religion is often a decisive factor in cultural development; as India languished, so China forged ahead under the invigorating stimulus of a religion in which truth was enshrined as the supreme Deity.
79:6.11 (885.8) Denne tilbedelse af sandheden var provokerende for forskning og frygtløs udforskning af naturlovene og menneskehedens potentialer. Selv for seks tusinde år siden var kineserne stadig ivrige udforskende og aggressive i deres søgen efter sandhed.		79:6.11 (885.8) This worship of truth was provocative of research and fearless exploration of the laws of nature and the potentials of mankind. The Chinese of even six thousand years ago were still keen students and aggressive in their pursuit of truth.
79:6.12 (885.9) 4. Geografisk. Kina er beskyttet af bjergene mod vest og Stillehavet mod øst. Kun i den nordlige del er vejen åben for angreb, og fra de røde menneskers tid til ankomsten af Anditernes senere efterkommere fandtes der ingen aggressive racegrupper i nord.		79:6.12 (885.9) 4. Geographic. China is protected by the mountains to the west and the Pacific to the east. Only in the north is the way open to attack, and from the days of the red man to the coming of the later descendants of the Andites, the north was not occupied by any aggressive race.
79:6.13 (886.1) Og hvis det ikke havde været for bjergbarriererne og det senere fald i åndelig kultur, ville den gule race utvivlsomt have tiltrukket sig størstedelen af de anditiske vandringer fra Turkestan og utvivlsomt hurtigt have domineret verdenscivilisationen.		79:6.13 (886.1) And but for the mountain barriers and the later decline in spiritual culture, the yellow race undoubtedly would have attracted to itself the larger part of the Andite migrations from Turkestan and unquestionably would have quickly dominated world civilization.
7. Anditerne ankommer til kina ^top		7. The Andites Enter China ^top
79:7.1 (886.2) For omkring femten tusinde år siden krydsede Anditerne i et betydelig antal Ti Tao bjergpasset og spredte sig ud over den øvre del af Den Gule Flods dal blandt de kinesiske bosættelser i Kansu. Snart trængte de mod øst til Honan, hvor de mest progressive bosættelser lå. Denne infiltration vestfra bestod omkring halvt Andonitisk og halvt Anditisk.		79:7.1 (886.2) About fifteen thousand years ago the Andites, in considerable numbers, were traversing the pass of Ti Tao and spreading out over the upper valley of the Yellow River among the Chinese settlements of Kansu. Presently they penetrated eastward to Honan, where the most progressive settlements were situated. This infiltration from the west was about half Andonite and half Andite.
79:7.2 (886.3) De nordlige kulturcentre langs Den Gule Flod havde altid været mere progressive end de sydlige bosættelser ved Yangtze. Inden for nogle få tusinde år efter ankomsten af selv et lille antal af disse højerestående dødelige, var bosættelserne langs Den Gule Flod gået foran Yangtze-landsbyerne og havde opnået en avanceret position i forhold til deres brødre i syd, som de lige siden har fastholdt.		79:7.2 (886.3) The northern centers of culture along the Yellow River had always been more progressive than the southern settlements on the Yangtze. Within a few thousand years after the arrival of even the small numbers of these superior mortals, the settlements along the Yellow River had forged ahead of the Yangtze villages and had achieved an advanced position over their brethren in the south which has ever since been maintained.
79:7.3 (886.4) Det skyldtes ikke, at der var så mange Anditer, eller at deres kultur var så overlegen, men sammensmeltningen med dem gav oprindelse til et mere mangesidigt folk. Nordkineserne modtog lige præcis nok af Anditernes arvemasse til mildt at stimulere deres medfødte evner, men ikke nok til at antænde dem med den rastløse, udforskende nysgerrighed, der er så karakteristisk for de nordlige hvide racer. Denne mere begrænsede infusion af Anditisk arv var mindre forstyrrende for Sangik-typens medfødte stabilitet.		79:7.3 (886.4) It was not that there were so many of the Andites, nor that their culture was so superior, but amalgamation with them produced a more versatile stock. The northern Chinese received just enough of the Andite strain to mildly stimulate their innately able minds but not enough to fire them with the restless, exploratory curiosity so characteristic of the northern white races. This more limited infusion of Andite inheritance was less disturbing to the innate stability of the Sangik type.
79:7.4 (886.5) De senere bølger af Anditer bragte visse af de kulturelle fremskridt fra Mesopotamien med sig; det gælder især de sidste indvandringsbølger fra vest. e forbedrede i høj grad de nordlige kineseres økonomiske og uddannelsesmæssige praksis, og selvom deres indflydelse på den gule races religiøse kultur var kortvarig, bidrog deres senere efterkommere meget til en efterfølgende åndelig opvågnen. Men Anditernes traditioner om Edens og Dalamatias skønhed influerede de kinesiske traditioner; tidlige kinesiske legender placerer “gudernes land” i vest.		79:7.4 (886.5) The later waves of Andites brought with them certain of the cultural advances of Mesopotamia; this is especially true of the last waves of migration from the west. They greatly improved the economic and educational practices of the northern Chinese; and while their influence upon the religious culture of the yellow race was short-lived, their later descendants contributed much to a subsequent spiritual awakening. But the Andite traditions of the beauty of Eden and Dalamatia did influence Chinese traditions; early Chinese legends place “the land of the gods” in the west.
79:7.5 (886.6) Det kinesiske folk begyndte ikke at bygge byer og engagere sig i håndværksfremstilling indtil efter 10.000 f.Kr., efter de klimatiske ændringer i Turkestan og ankomsten af de senere Anditiske indvandrere. Infusionen af dette nye blod tilføjede ikke så meget til den gule mands civilisation, som det stimulerede den videre og hurtige udvikling af de latente tendenser i de overlegne kinesiske slægter. Fra Honan til Shensi begyndte potentialerne til en avanceret civilisation at bære frugt. Metalbearbejdning og alle håndværksmæssige færdigheder stammer fra disse dage.		79:7.5 (886.6) The Chinese people did not begin to build cities and engage in manufacture until after 10,000 b.c., subsequent to the climatic changes in Turkestan and the arrival of the later Andite immigrants. The infusion of this new blood did not add so much to the civilization of the yellow man as it stimulated the further and rapid development of the latent tendencies of the superior Chinese stocks. From Honan to Shensi the potentials of an advanced civilization were coming to fruit. Metalworking and all the arts of manufacture date from these days.
79:7.6 (886.7) Lighederne mellem visse af de tidlige kinesiske og mesopotamiske metoder i tidsregning, astronomi, og statslige administration var på grund af de kommercielle relationer mellem disse to fjernt beliggende centre. Kinesiske købmænd rejste allerede på Sumerernes tid langs landevejene gennem Turkestan til Mesopotamien. Denne udveksling var ikke ensidig—Eufrat dalen havde betydeligt nytte deraf, ligesom folkene ved Gangessletten. Men klimaændringer og de nomadiske invasioner under det tredje årtusinde før Kristus reducerede betydelig omfanget af samhandelen som passerer langs karavanevejene i Centralasien.		79:7.6 (886.7) The similarities between certain of the early Chinese and Mesopotamian methods of time reckoning, astronomy, and governmental administration were due to the commercial relationships between these two remotely situated centers. Chinese merchants traveled the overland routes through Turkestan to Mesopotamia even in the days of the Sumerians. Nor was this exchange one-sided—the valley of the Euphrates benefited considerably thereby, as did the peoples of the Gangetic plain. But the climatic changes and the nomadic invasions of the third millennium before Christ greatly reduced the volume of trade passing over the caravan trails of central Asia.
8. Den senere kinesiske civilisation ^top		8. Later Chinese Civilization ^top
79:8.1 (887.1) Mens den røde mand led under for megen krigsførelse, er det ikke helt forkert at sige, at udviklingen af en statsdannelse blandt kineserne blev forsinket af deres grundige erobring af Asien. De havde et stort potentiale for racemæssig solidaritet, men den udviklede sig ikke ordentligt, fordi den konstante drivkraft fra den altid tilstedeværende fare for ekstern aggression manglede.		79:8.1 (887.1) While the red man suffered from too much warfare, it is not altogether amiss to say that the development of statehood among the Chinese was delayed by the thoroughness of their conquest of Asia. They had a great potential of racial solidarity, but it failed properly to develop because the continuous driving stimulus of the ever-present danger of external aggression was lacking.
79:8.2 (887.2) Da erobringen af det østlige Asien var afsluttet, gik den gamle militærstat gradvist i opløsning—tidligere krige blev glemt. Af den episke kamp med den røde race var der kun en tåget tradition om en gammel konkurrence med bueskyttefolket. Kineserne begyndte tidligt at dyrke landbrug, hvilket bidrog yderligere til deres fredelige tendenser, mens en befolkning, der lå langt under forholdet mellem land og mand i landbruget, bidrog endnu mere til landets voksende fredelighed.		79:8.2 (887.2) With the completion of the conquest of eastern Asia the ancient military state gradually disintegrated—past wars were forgotten. Of the epic struggle with the red race there persisted only the hazy tradition of an ancient contest with the archer peoples. The Chinese early turned to agricultural pursuits, which contributed further to their pacific tendencies, while a population well below the land-man ratio for agriculture still further contributed to the growing peacefulness of the country.
79:8.3 (887.3) Bevidstheden om fortidens præstationer (noget formindsket i nutiden), konservatismen hos et overvældende landbrugsfolk og et veludviklet familieliv var lig med fødslen af forfædredyrkelse, der kulminerede i skikken med at ære fortidens mænd så meget, at det grænsede til tilbedelse. En meget lignende holdning var fremherskende blandt de hvide racer i Europa i omkring fem hundrede år efter den græsk-romerske civilisations sammenbrud.		79:8.3 (887.3) Consciousness of past achievements (somewhat diminished in the present), the conservatism of an overwhelmingly agricultural people, and a well-developed family life equaled the birth of ancestor veneration, culminating in the custom of so honoring the men of the past as to border on worship. A very similar attitude prevailed among the white races in Europe for some five hundred years following the disruption of Greco-Roman civilization.
79:8.4 (887.4) Troen på og tilbedelsen af “den ene sandhed”, som Singlangton underviste i, døde aldrig helt ud; men som tiden gik, blev søgen efter en ny og højere sandhed overskygget af en voksende tendens til at ære det, der allerede var etableret. Langsomt blev den gule races geni afledt fra jagten på det ukendte til bevarelsen af det kendte. Og det er årsagen til stagnationen i det, der havde været verdens hurtigst udviklende civilisation.		79:8.4 (887.4) The belief in, and worship of, the “One Truth” as taught by Singlangton never entirely died out; but as time passed, the search for new and higher truth became overshadowed by a growing tendency to venerate that which was already established. Slowly the genius of the yellow race became diverted from the pursuit of the unknown to the preservation of the known. And this is the reason for the stagnation of what had been the world’s most rapidly progressing civilization.
79:8.5 (887.5) Mellem 4000 og 500 f.Kr. blev den politiske genforening af den gule race fuldbyrdet, men den kulturelle forening af centrene Yangtze og Den Gule Flod var allerede gennemført. Denne politiske genforening af de senere stammegrupper var ikke uden konflikt, men den samfundsmæssige opfattelse af krig forblev lav; tilbedelse af forfædrene, stigende antal dialekter, og ingen krav om militær aktion for tusinder og atter tusinder af år havde gjort dette folk ekstremt pacifistisk.		79:8.5 (887.5) Between 4000 and 500 b.c. the political reunification of the yellow race was consummated, but the cultural union of the Yangtze and Yellow river centers had already been effected. This political reunification of the later tribal groups was not without conflict, but the societal opinion of war remained low; ancestor worship, increasing dialects, and no call for military action for thousands upon thousands of years had rendered this people ultrapeaceful.
79:8.6 (887.6) Selvom den gule race ikke formåede at indfri løftet om en tidlig udvikling af en avanceret stat, gjorde den gradvist fremskridt i realiseringen af civilisationens kunst, især inden for landbrug og havebrug. De hydrauliske problemer, som landmændene i Shensi og Honan stod over for, krævede gruppesamarbejde for at blive løst. Sådanne vanskeligheder med kunstvanding og jordbevarelse bidrog i høj grad til udviklingen af gensidig afhængighed med den deraf følgende fremme af fred blandt landbrugsgrupper.		79:8.6 (887.6) Despite failure to fulfill the promise of an early development of advanced statehood, the yellow race did progressively move forward in the realization of the arts of civilization, especially in the realms of agriculture and horticulture. The hydraulic problems faced by the agriculturists in Shensi and Honan demanded group co-operation for solution. Such irrigation and soil-conservation difficulties contributed in no small measure to the development of interdependence with the consequent promotion of peace among farming groups.
79:8.7 (887.7) Snart bidrog udviklingen inden for skrivning, sammen med etableringen af skoler, til udbredelsen af viden i et hidtil uset omfang. Men det ideografiske skriftsystems besværlige natur satte en numerisk grænse for de lærde klasser på trods af den tidlige fremkomst af bogtrykkerkunsten. Og frem for alt fortsatte processen med social standardisering og religiøs-filosofisk dogmatisering i højt tempo. Den religiøse udvikling af forfædredyrkelse blev yderligere kompliceret af en strøm af overtro, der involverede naturdyrkelse, men de sidste rester af et reelt gudsbegreb forblev bevaret i den kejserlige tilbedelse af Shang-ti.		79:8.7 (887.7) Soon developments in writing, together with the establishment of schools, contributed to the dissemination of knowledge on a previously unequaled scale. But the cumbersome nature of the ideographic writing system placed a numerical limit upon the learned classes despite the early appearance of printing. And above all else, the process of social standardization and religio-philosophic dogmatization continued apace. The religious development of ancestor veneration became further complicated by a flood of superstitions involving nature worship, but lingering vestiges of a real concept of God remained preserved in the imperial worship of Shang-ti.
79:8.8 (888.1) Den store svaghed i tilbedelse af forfædrene er, at det fremmer en bagudskuende filosofi. Uanset hvor klogt det kan være at indsamle visdom fra fortiden, er det tåbeligt at betragte fortiden som den eksklusive kilde til sandhed. Sandhed er relativ og udvidende; den lever altid i nutiden og opnår altid til nye udtryk i hver menneskegeneration—selv i hvert menneskeliv.		79:8.8 (888.1) The great weakness of ancestor veneration is that it promotes a backward-looking philosophy. However wise it may be to glean wisdom from the past, it is folly to regard the past as the exclusive source of truth. Truth is relative and expanding; it lives always in the present, achieving new expression in each generation of men—even in each human life.
79:8.9 (888.2) Den store styrke i en dyrkelse af forfædrene er den værdi, som en sådan holdning tillægger familien. Den kinesiske kulturs forbløffende stabilitet og vedholdenhed er en konsekvens af familiens altoverskyggende position, for civilisationen er direkte afhængig af, at familien fungerer effektivt; og i Kina opnåede familien en social betydning, endda en religiøs betydning, som kun få andre folkeslag kan komme i nærheden af.		79:8.9 (888.2) The great strength in a veneration of ancestry is the value that such an attitude places upon the family. The amazing stability and persistence of Chinese culture is a consequence of the paramount position accorded the family, for civilization is directly dependent on the effective functioning of the family; and in China the family attained a social importance, even a religious significance, approached by few other peoples.
79:8.10 (888.3) Den hengivenhed og familieloyalitet, som den voksende forfædrekult krævede, sikrede opbygningen af overlegne familierelationer og varige familiegrupper, hvilket alt sammen lettede følgende faktorer i bevarelsen af civilisationen:		79:8.10 (888.3) The filial devotion and family loyalty exacted by the growing cult of ancestor worship insured the building up of superior family relationships and of enduring family groups, all of which facilitated the following factors in the preservation of civilization:
79:8.11 (888.4) 1. Bevarelse af ejendom og rigdom.		79:8.11 (888.4) 1. Conservation of property and wealth.
79:8.12 (888.5) 2. Sammenlægning af erfaringerne fra mere end én generation.		79:8.12 (888.5) 2. Pooling of the experience of more than one generation.
79:8.13 (888.6) 3. Effektiv uddannelse af børn i fortidens kunst og videnskab.		79:8.13 (888.6) 3. Efficient education of children in the arts and sciences of the past.
79:8.14 (888.7) 4. Udvikling af en stærk pligtfølelse, styrkelse af moral, og forøgelse af etisk følsomhed.		79:8.14 (888.7) 4. Development of a strong sense of duty, the enhancement of morality, and the augmentation of ethical sensitivity.
79:8.15 (888.8) Den kinesiske civilisations formative periode, der begynder med Anditernes ankomst, fortsætter fned til den store etiske, moralske og semireligiøse opvågnen i det sjette århundrede før Kristus. Og den kinesiske tradition har bevaret de tågede optegnelser om den evolutionære fortid; overgangen fra moder- til faderfamilie, etableringen af landbruget, udviklingen af arkitekturen, indførelsen af industrien—alle disse faser er beskrevet i rækkefølge. Denne historie præsenterer, med større nøjagtighed end nogen anden lignende beretning, billedet af et højerestående folks storslåede opstigning fra barbariets niveau. I løbet af denne tid, gik de fra et primitivt landbrugssamfund til en højere social organisation omfattende byer, industriel virksomhed, metalbearbejdning, kommerciel udveksling, regering, skrift, matematik, kunst, videnskab og trykning.		79:8.15 (888.8) The formative period of Chinese civilization, opening with the coming of the Andites, continues on down to the great ethical, moral, and semireligious awakening of the sixth century before Christ. And Chinese tradition preserves the hazy record of the evolutionary past; the transition from mother- to father-family, the establishment of agriculture, the development of architecture, the initiation of industry—all these are successively narrated. And this story presents, with greater accuracy than any other similar account, the picture of the magnificent ascent of a superior people from the levels of barbarism. During this time they passed from a primitive agricultural society to a higher social organization embracing cities, manufacture, metalworking, commercial exchange, government, writing, mathematics, art, science, and printing.
79:8.16 (888.9) Og sådan har den gule races ældgamle civilisation bestået ned gennem århundrederne. Det er næsten 40.000 år siden, de første vigtige fremskridt blev gjort i den kinesiske kultur, og selvom der har været mange tilbageskridt, kommer Han-sønnernes civilisation tættest på at fremvise et uafbrudt billede af kontinuerlig fremgang helt frem til det 20. århundrede. De hvide racers mekaniske og religiøse udvikling har været af høj klasse, men de har aldrig overgået kineserne i familieloyalitet, gruppeetik eller personlig moral.		79:8.16 (888.9) And so the ancient civilization of the yellow race has persisted down through the centuries. It is almost forty thousand years since the first important advances were made in Chinese culture, and though there have been many retrogressions, the civilization of the sons of Han comes the nearest of all to presenting an unbroken picture of continual progression right on down to the times of the twentieth century. The mechanical and religious developments of the white races have been of a high order, but they have never excelled the Chinese in family loyalty, group ethics, or personal morality.
79:8.17 (888.10) Denne ældgamle kultur har bidraget meget til menneskelig lykke; millioner af mennesker har levet og er døde, velsignet af dens resultater. I århundreder har denne store civilisation hvilet på fortidens laurbær, men selv nu er den ved at vågne op igen for på ny at forestille sig de transcendente mål for den dødelige eksistens, for igen at tage den utrættelige kamp op for uendelige fremskridt.		79:8.17 (888.10) This ancient culture has contributed much to human happiness; millions of human beings have lived and died, blessed by its achievements. For centuries this great civilization has rested upon the laurels of the past, but it is even now reawakening to envision anew the transcendent goals of mortal existence, once again to take up the unremitting struggle for never-ending progress.
79:8.18 (888.11) [Præsenteret af en Ærkeengel fra Nebadon.]		79:8.18 (888.11) [Presented by an Archangel of Nebadon.]