第62篇		Paper 62
早期人类的发端类种族		The Dawn Races of Early Man
62:0.1 (703.1) 大约一百万年前，人类的直系祖先，通过源于有胎盘类哺乳动物的早期狐猴类血统三次连续突然的变异而出现了。这些早期狐猴的显性遗传因子, 源自于西方区后来的美洲组进化生命质。但在确定为人类祖先的直系之前，这一血统也因在非洲演化的中央区生命植入之贡献而有所加强。东方区的生命组，对人类种族的实际产生则鲜有贡献。		62:0.1 (703.1) ABOUT one million years ago the immediate ancestors of mankind made their appearance by three successive and sudden mutations stemming from early stock of the lemur type of placental mammal. The dominant factors of these early lemurs were derived from the western or later American group of the evolving life plasm. But before establishing the direct line of human ancestry, this strain was reinforced by contributions from the central life implantation evolved in Africa. The eastern life group contributed little or nothing to the actual production of the human species.
1. 早期狐猴类型 ^top		1. The Early Lemur Types ^top
62:1.1 (703.2) 与人类祖先相关的早期狐猴，与那时生活在欧亚和北非的先存性长臂猿和猩猩部落之间并不直接相关，后两类的后裔存活到了现在。它们也并非是现代类型狐猴的后代，尽管它们出自二者所共有、但却久已灭绝的一类祖先。		62:1.1 (703.2) The early lemurs concerned in the ancestry of the human species were not directly related to the pre-existent tribes of gibbons and apes then living in Eurasia and northern Africa, whose progeny have survived to the present time. Neither were they the offspring of the modern type of lemur, though springing from an ancestor common to both but long since extinct.
62:1.2 (703.3) 当这些早期狐猴在西半球演化的同时，人类直系哺乳动物祖先之确立发生在亚洲西南部，在原初的中央生命植入区内，但却已靠近东方区的边界。几百万年以前，北美类型的狐猴穿越白令陆桥向西迁移，并沿亚洲海岸线慢慢向西南移动。这些迁徙的部族，最终到达了位于当时扩展的地中海与印度半岛正在抬升的山区之间那个气候宜人的地区。就在这些邻接印度西部的地区，它们与其它优良的血统结合到了一起，从而确立了人类的祖先。		62:1.2 (703.3) While these early lemurs evolved in the Western Hemisphere, the establishment of the direct mammalian ancestry of mankind took place in southwestern Asia, in the original area of the central life implantation but on the borders of the eastern regions. Several million years ago the North American type lemurs had migrated westward over the Bering land bridge and had slowly made their way southwestward along the Asiatic coast. These migrating tribes finally reached the salubrious region lying between the then expanded Mediterranean Sea and the elevating mountainous regions of the Indian peninsula. In these lands to the west of India they united with other and favorable strains, thus establishing the ancestry of the human race.
62:1.3 (703.4) 随着时间推移，印度西南部山区的海岸逐渐沉没，完全隔离了这一地区的生命。当时除了北方，没有其它通道能够通往或逃离这个美索不达米亚或波斯半岛，北方也多次被冰川的南向侵袭所阻隔。就是在这个当时近乎天堂般的地区，从哺乳动物的这一狐猴类型优良的后裔中，突生出了两大类别，即现代的类人猿以及当今的人类。		62:1.3 (703.4) With the passing of time the seacoast of India southwest of the mountains gradually submerged, completely isolating the life of this region. There was no avenue of approach to, or escape from, this Mesopotamian or Persian peninsula except to the north, and that was repeatedly cut off by the southern invasions of the glaciers. And it was in this then almost paradisiacal area, and from the superior descendants of this lemur type of mammal, that there sprang two great groups, the simian tribes of modern times and the present-day human species.
2. 发端类哺乳动物 ^top		2. The Dawn Mammals ^top
62:2.1 (703.5) 一百多万年以前，美索不达米亚的发端类哺乳动物、即有胎盘类哺乳动物之北美狐猴类型的直系后裔突然出现了。它们是些活跃的小生物，将近一米高；尽管它们还不习惯用其后肢行走，但却能够轻易地直立了。它们多毛且敏捷，并以猴子般的方式交谈。但与类人猿部落不同，它们是肉食者。它们有了原始的对生性拇指，以及非常有用的抓握性大脚趾。从这时起，这些前人类物种相继发展了对生性拇指，而它们却逐渐丧失了大脚趾的抓握能力。后来的猩猩部落则保留了抓握性大脚趾，但却从来没有发展出人类类型的拇指。		62:2.1 (703.5) A little more than one million years ago the Mesopotamian dawn mammals, the direct descendants of the North American lemur type of placental mammal, suddenly appeared. They were active little creatures, almost three feet tall; and while they did not habitually walk on their hind legs, they could easily stand erect. They were hairy and agile and chattered in monkeylike fashion, but unlike the simian tribes, they were flesh eaters. They had a primitive opposable thumb as well as a highly useful grasping big toe. From this point onward the prehuman species successively developed the opposable thumb while they progressively lost the grasping power of the great toe. The later ape tribes retained the grasping big toe but never developed the human type of thumb.
62:2.2 (704.1) 这些发端类哺乳动物在三四岁时便获得了充分的成长，平均拥有大约二十年的潜在寿命。尽管偶尔会有双胞胎出生，但一般说来后代都是独生的。		62:2.2 (704.1) These dawn mammals attained full growth when three or four years of age, having a potential life span, on the average, of about twenty years. As a rule offspring were born singly, although twins were occasional.
62:2.3 (704.2) 对于到那时为止存在于地球上的所有动物来说，这一新物种的成员拥有与其体型相比最为庞大的大脑。它们体验过许多情感，分享过诸多直觉，这些后来都成为了原始人的特征，极为好奇且在所做任何事情取得成功时表现出相当大的喜悦。对食物的渴求以及对性的热望，都得到了良好发展，而一种确定的性选择则以一种求爱和择偶的粗略形式表现出来。它们会为保卫其亲族而激烈搏斗，而对家庭成员则十分温和。它们具有一种近于羞愧和懊悔的自卑感。它们对其配偶充满深情并极为忠诚，但若环境使它们分离开来，它们也会另觅新伴。		62:2.3 (704.2) The members of this new species had the largest brains for their size of any animal that had theretofore existed on earth. They experienced many of the emotions and shared numerous instincts which later characterized primitive man, being highly curious and exhibiting considerable elation when successful at any undertaking. Food hunger and sex craving were well developed, and a definite sex selection was manifested in a crude form of courtship and choice of mates. They would fight fiercely in defense of their kindred and were quite tender in family associations, possessing a sense of self-abasement bordering on shame and remorse. They were very affectionate and touchingly loyal to their mates, but if circumstances separated them, they would choose new partners.
62:2.4 (704.3) 由于身材矮小且拥有敏锐的头脑去认识到其森林栖息地中的诸多危险，它们发展出了一种异乎寻常的恐惧，这引发了一些聪明的防范措施，这些措施对其续存贡献极大，例如在高高的树端上建造粗陋的居所，从而消除了在地上生活的许多危险。人类的恐惧趋向之由来，更具体来说始自于这些岁月。		62:2.4 (704.3) Being small of stature and having keen minds to realize the dangers of their forest habitat, they developed an extraordinary fear which led to those wise precautionary measures that so enormously contributed to survival, such as their construction of crude shelters in the high treetops which eliminated many of the perils of ground life. The beginning of the fear tendencies of mankind more specifically dates from these days.
62:2.5 (704.4) 这些发端类哺乳动物发展出了一种前所未见的合群精神。它们的确是极为群居性的，但当其日常生活的惯常追求受到任何方式的打扰时，却也会极其好斗，而当它们的怒气被充分激起时，它们会表现出暴躁的脾气。然而，其好斗的天性却起到了一种好的目的；优良的组群会毫不犹豫地对其弱势的邻居开战，而这样，通过选择性续存，这些物种便逐步得以改善。它们不久便主宰了本区域内较弱小生物的生活，而较古老的非肉食性猴类部落则鲜有续存。		62:2.5 (704.4) These dawn mammals developed more of a tribal spirit than had ever been previously exhibited. They were, indeed, highly gregarious but nevertheless exceedingly pugnacious when in any way disturbed in the ordinary pursuit of their routine life, and they displayed fiery tempers when their anger was fully aroused. Their bellicose natures, however, served a good purpose; superior groups did not hesitate to make war on their inferior neighbors, and thus, by selective survival, the species was progressively improved. They very soon dominated the life of the smaller creatures of this region, and very few of the older noncarnivorous monkeylike tribes survived.
62:2.6 (704.5) 这些好斗的小动物在一千多年岁月里繁衍兴盛，遍布美索不达米亚半岛，在身体类型和总体智能方面都不断改善着。就在这一新分支从其最高等类型的狐猴类祖先发源之后的仅仅七十代，便出现了下一个划时代的进展 -- 即玉苒厦(Urantia)人类进化中下一个关键步骤所包含的祖先之突然分化。		62:2.6 (704.5) These aggressive little animals multiplied and spread over the Mesopotamian peninsula for more than one thousand years, constantly improving in physical type and general intelligence. And it was just seventy generations after this new tribe had taken origin from the highest type of lemur ancestor that the next epoch-making development occurred—the sudden differentiation of the ancestors of the next vital step in the evolution of human beings on Urantia.
3. 中间类哺乳动物 ^top		3. The Mid-Mammals ^top
62:3.1 (704.6) 在发端类哺乳动物生涯的早期，在这些敏捷生物中一对出众配偶的树端居所中，一对双胞胎诞生了，一雄一雌。与其祖先相比，它们真是两个好看的小生物。它们身上毛发很少，但这并非障碍，因为它们生活在一个温暖而匀调的气候中。		62:3.1 (704.6) Early in the career of the dawn mammals, in the treetop abode of a superior pair of these agile creatures, twins were born, one male and one female. Compared with their ancestors, they were really handsome little creatures. They had little hair on their bodies, but this was no disability as they lived in a warm and equable climate.
62:3.2 (705.1) 这两个子女长到一米二多高。它们在各方面都比其双亲大些，拥有更长些的双腿和更短些的双臂。它们拥有几近完美的对向性拇指，就像现今人类的拇指那样适应多样的工作。它们会直立行走，也拥有像后期人类那样适于行走的双脚。		62:3.2 (705.1) These children grew to be a little over four feet in height. They were in every way larger than their parents, having longer legs and shorter arms. They had almost perfectly opposable thumbs, just about as well adapted for diversified work as the present human thumb. They walked upright, having feet almost as well suited for walking as those of the later human races.
62:3.3 (705.2) 它们的大脑要劣于且小于人类的大脑，但却优于其祖先的大脑，且相对大了许多。这对双胞胎很早便表现出出众的智能，并很快就被整个发端类哺乳动物部落视为首脑，真正构建了一种原始形态的社会组织和粗略的劳动经济分工。这对兄妹交配并很快享受到酷似其自身的二十一个孩子的簇拥，所有都高于一米二，在各个方面都优于其祖先物种。这个新的群体构成了中间类哺乳动物的核心。		62:3.3 (705.2) Their brains were inferior to, and smaller than, those of human beings but very superior to, and comparatively much larger than, those of their ancestors. The twins early displayed superior intelligence and were soon recognized as the heads of the whole tribe of dawn mammals, really instituting a primitive form of social organization and a crude economic division of labor. This brother and sister mated and soon enjoyed the society of twenty-one children much like themselves, all more than four feet tall and in every way superior to the ancestral species. This new group formed the nucleus of the mid-mammals.
62:3.4 (705.3) 当这一全新而优异的群体越来越大以后，战争，严酷的战争，便爆发了；而当这恐怖的争斗结束时，发端类哺乳动物的先存性祖先族类无一存活下来。而这些物种为数不多但却更为强大智能的分支，却以其祖先为代价而幸存了下来。		62:3.4 (705.3) When the numbers of this new and superior group grew great, war, relentless war, broke out; and when the terrible struggle was over, not a single individual of the pre-existent and ancestral race of dawn mammals remained alive. The less numerous but more powerful and intelligent offshoot of the species had survived at the expense of their ancestors.
62:3.5 (705.4) 而此时，在几近一万五千年（六百代）的时间里，这种生物变成了这部分世界的霸主。之前时期所有那些大型凶残动物都灭绝了。这些地区土生的大型野兽不是肉食性的，猫科中的大型物种，狮子和老虎，还没有入侵地表这个独有的隐蔽之处。所以，这些中间类哺乳动物才能坐大起来，而征服了该地区的全部生灵。		62:3.5 (705.4) And now, for almost fifteen thousand years (six hundred generations), this creature became the terror of this part of the world. All of the great and vicious animals of former times had perished. The large beasts native to these regions were not carnivorous, and the larger species of the cat family, lions and tigers, had not yet invaded this peculiarly sheltered nook of the earth’s surface. Therefore did these mid-mammals wax valiant and subdue the whole of their corner of creation.
62:3.6 (705.5) 与其祖先物种相比，中间类哺乳动物在各个方面都有所改善。就连它们的潜在寿命也更长了，到大约二十五年。在这一新物种身上呈现出许多基本的人类特征。除了具有其祖先已表现出的先天习性外，这些中间类哺乳动物已能在某些令其反感的情况下表现出厌恶。它们进一步拥有了一种非常明确的囤积本能；它们会将食物藏起来以备日后使用，并惯于收集一些适宜做防卫和攻击性弹药的平滑卵石以及某些类型的圆形石块。		62:3.6 (705.5) Compared with the ancestral species, the mid-mammals were an improvement in every way. Even their potential life span was longer, being about twenty-five years. A number of rudimentary human traits appeared in this new species. In addition to the innate propensities exhibited by their ancestors, these mid-mammals were capable of showing disgust in certain repulsive situations. They further possessed a well-defined hoarding instinct; they would hide food for subsequent use and were greatly given to the collection of smooth round pebbles and certain types of round stones suitable for defensive and offensive ammunition.
62:3.7 (705.6) 这些中间类哺乳动物率先表现出一种明确的建造嗜好，正如在其争相建造树顶家园及其有许多通道的地下避难上所展现的那样。它们是首批能在树上和地下掩蔽所提供安保的哺乳动物物种。它们在很大程度上放弃了将树作为其居住之所，白天生活在地上，夜晚才睡在树端。		62:3.7 (705.6) These mid-mammals were the first to exhibit a definite construction propensity, as shown in their rivalry in the building of both treetop homes and their many-tunneled subterranean retreats; they were the first species of mammals ever to provide for safety in both arboreal and underground shelters. They largely forsook the trees as places of abode, living on the ground during the day and sleeping in the treetops at night.
62:3.8 (705.7) 随着时间的推移，数量上的自然增长最终导致严酷的食物和性的竞争，而所有这一切归结为一系列内斗，几于毁灭整个物种。内斗绵延不绝，直到只剩下一个由不到一百个个体组成的群体存活了下来。但和平又一次占据上风，这一孤独存活下来的部落重新建造了其树端的居室，再次恢复了一种正常而半和平的存在。		62:3.8 (705.7) As time passed, the natural increase in numbers eventually resulted in serious food competition and sex rivalry, all of which culminated in a series of internecine battles that nearly destroyed the entire species. These struggles continued until only one group of less than one hundred individuals was left alive. But peace once more prevailed, and this lone surviving tribe built anew its treetop bedrooms and once again resumed a normal and semipeaceful existence.
62:3.9 (705.8) 你们很难认识到你们的前人类祖先不时濒临灭绝的情形。假如所有人类的那只祖先蛙类在某一场合少跳了两英寸，那么全部进化进程将得以显著改变。发端类哺乳动物物种最为接近的类狐猴母亲，在她生育这种新的更高等哺乳动物类别的祖先之前，至少有五次是以毫发之差逃过了死亡。但最为死里逃生的一次，是在闪电击中灵长类双胞胎未来母亲正在憩息的那棵树之时。这对中间类哺乳动物的双亲都极为震惊且受到了严重烧伤；他们七个子女中有三个因这一来自天空的闪电而丧生。这些进化中的动物近乎是迷信的。树顶家园被击中的这对配偶，不愧为中间类哺乳动物物种中更为进步群体的领袖；效仿他们的做法，一半以上的部族，包括那些更为智能的家族，都从此地移出大约三公里，开始建造新的树上居所和地上庇护所 -- 即它们在突然危险时的临时避难所。		62:3.9 (705.8) You can hardly realize by what narrow margins your prehuman ancestors missed extinction from time to time. Had the ancestral frog of all humanity jumped two inches less on a certain occasion, the whole course of evolution would have been markedly changed. The immediate lemurlike mother of the dawn-mammal species escaped death no less than five times by mere hairbreadth margins before she gave birth to the father of the new and higher mammalian order. But the closest call of all was when lightning struck the tree in which the prospective mother of the Primates twins was sleeping. Both of these mid-mammal parents were severely shocked and badly burned; three of their seven children were killed by this bolt from the skies. These evolving animals were almost superstitious. This couple whose treetop home had been struck were really the leaders of the more progressive group of the mid-mammal species; and following their example, more than half the tribe, embracing the more intelligent families, moved about two miles away from this locality and began the construction of new treetop abodes and new ground shelters—their transient retreats in time of sudden danger.
62:3.10 (706.1) 就在他们家园建成后不久，这对久经磨难的配偶发现自身成为了双胞胎的自豪双亲，这对双胞胎是到那时降生到这个世界上的最引人关注、也最为重要的动物，因为他们是构成前人类进化下一个关键步骤之灵长类物种的最初一对。		62:3.10 (706.1) Soon after the completion of their home, this couple, veterans of so many struggles, found themselves the proud parents of twins, the most interesting and important animals ever to have been born into the world up to that time, for they were the first of the new species of Primates constituting the next vital step in prehuman evolution.
62:3.11 (706.2) 就在这对灵长类双胞胎诞生的同时，另一对配偶 -- 即中间类哺乳动物部落中智力尤为迟缓的一对雄性和雌性，一对在智力与体力上都较为低劣的配偶 -- 也产下了双胞胎。这对双胞胎，一雄一雌，对竞争漠不关心；它们只关心获取食物，而且由于它们不吃肉，因此对寻找猎物也很快就失去了所有的兴趣。这对智力迟缓的双胞胎成为了现代类人猿分支的奠基者。它们的后裔喜爱较温暖的南部地区，那里气候温和，又有大量的热带水果，在那里，它们大多像那时一样延续着，除了那些与较早类型的长臂猿和猩猩杂交的分支以外，而那些分支又因此而极大地退化了。		62:3.11 (706.2) Contemporaneously with the birth of these Primates twins, another couple—a peculiarly retarded male and female of the mid-mammal tribe, a couple that were both mentally and physically inferior—also gave birth to twins. These twins, one male and one female, were indifferent to conquest; they were concerned only with obtaining food and, since they would not eat flesh, soon lost all interest in seeking prey. These retarded twins became the founders of the modern simian tribes. Their descendants sought the warmer southern regions with their mild climates and an abundance of tropical fruits, where they have continued much as of that day except for those branches which mated with the earlier types of gibbons and apes and have greatly deteriorated in consequence.
62:3.12 (706.3) 如此可以清楚地看到，人类与猿类的关联，仅在于它们都突然出自中间类哺乳动物，在这一类群中，出现了两对双胞胎的同时诞生及其后的分道扬镳。低劣的一对命定去产生现代类型的猴子、狒狒、黑猩猩与大猩猩；而优良的一对则命定去沿着进化成人类自身的上升路线继续下去。		62:3.12 (706.3) And so it may be readily seen that man and the ape are related only in that they sprang from the mid-mammals, a tribe in which there occurred the contemporaneous birth and subsequent segregation of two pairs of twins: the inferior pair destined to produce the modern types of monkey, baboon, chimpanzee, and gorilla; the superior pair destined to continue the line of ascent which evolved into man himself.
62:3.13 (706.4) 现代人类与类人猿，确实出自同一类群、同一物种，但非出自同一父母。人类的祖先来源于这一中间类哺乳动物类群拣选下来的优良血统，反之，现代类人猿（除了某些先存类型的狐猴、长臂猿、猩猩以及其它类猴生物）则是这一中间类哺乳动物组群中最低劣的一对配偶的后裔，在其类群的最后一次激烈战斗中，这一对配偶只是靠将自身藏匿在一个地下食物储藏所两周多才幸存了下来，并在敌对状态完全结束后才出来。		62:3.13 (706.4) Modern man and the simians did spring from the same tribe and species but not from the same parents. Man’s ancestors are descended from the superior strains of the selected remnant of this mid-mammal tribe, whereas the modern simians (excepting certain pre-existent types of lemurs, gibbons, apes, and other monkeylike creatures) are the descendants of the most inferior couple of this mid-mammal group, a couple who only survived by hiding themselves in a subterranean food-storage retreat for more than two weeks during the last fierce battle of their tribe, emerging only after the hostilities were well over.
4. 灵长类动物 ^top		4. The Primates ^top
62:4.1 (706.5) 回到这对一雌一雄优良双胞胎的诞生，回到这两个中间类哺乳动物部落的领导成员：这两个动物幼崽属于一种不同寻常的类别；它们身上的毛发比其双亲更少，在很小时便坚持直立行走了。它们的祖先总是要学着用后肢来走路，而这对灵长类的双胞胎，从一开始就直立了。它们的身高已达一米五以上，与部落中其它同类相比，它们的头长得也更大。尽管它们在早期学着以符号和声音相互交流，但却始终未能使其同类理解这些新的符号。		62:4.1 (706.5) Going back to the birth of the superior twins, one male and one female, to the two leading members of the mid-mammal tribe: These animal babies were of an unusual order; they had still less hair on their bodies than their parents and, when very young, insisted on walking upright. Their ancestors had always learned to walk on their hind legs, but these Primates twins stood erect from the beginning. They attained a height of over five feet, and their heads grew larger in comparison with others among the tribe. While early learning to communicate with each other by means of signs and sounds, they were never able to make their people understand these new symbols.
62:4.2 (707.1) 在大约十四岁时，它们逃离了本部落，前往西部去抚养它们的家庭，并建立了灵长类这一新的物种。而这些新的生物之所以十分恰当地被命名为灵长类，是因为它们是人类家族的最为直接靠近的动物祖先。		62:4.2 (707.1) When about fourteen years of age, they fled from the tribe, going west to raise their family and establish the new species of Primates. And these new creatures are very properly denominated Primates since they were the direct and immediate animal ancestors of the human family itself.
62:4.3 (707.2) 就这样，灵长类动物渐渐占领了当时伸入南部海洋中的美索不达米亚半岛的西岸地区，而那些智力较低的、密切相关的类群，则生活在半岛尖端周围，直到东部海岸线。		62:4.3 (707.2) Thus it was that the Primates came to occupy a region on the west coast of the Mesopotamian peninsula as it then projected into the southern sea, while the less intelligent and closely related tribes lived around the peninsula point and up the eastern shore line.
62:4.4 (707.3) 比起它们的中间类哺乳动物先驱，灵长类更为接近人类，而更为远离动物。这一新物种的骨骼比例，已与原始人类的极其相似。人类类型的手和脚已完全发展出来了，这些生物能够像其后来的任何人类后裔那样行走乃至奔跑。它们在很大程度上已放弃了树上生活，尽管仍继续在夜间依靠树端来作为一种安保措施，因为它们仍像其早期的祖先一样，极大地受制于恐惧。其双手不断增加的运用，对于发展其内在的脑力作用巨大，但它们还不具备人之为人所拥有的心智。		62:4.4 (707.3) The Primates were more human and less animal than their mid-mammal predecessors. The skeletal proportions of this new species were very similar to those of the primitive human races. The human type of hand and foot had fully developed, and these creatures could walk and even run as well as any of their later-day human descendants. They largely abandoned tree life, though continuing to resort to the treetops as a safety measure at night, for like their earlier ancestors, they were greatly subject to fear. The increased use of their hands did much to develop inherent brain power, but they did not yet possess minds that could really be called human.
62:4.5 (707.4) 尽管在情感特性上，灵长类动物较其祖先没有多大区别，在其所有习性中，它们则表现出更多的人类倾向。它们的确是了不起的优良动物，在大约十岁时就能接近成熟，天然寿命能达到约四十岁。也就是说，如果它们自然死亡，它们或许能活那么长，但在那些早期的年月里，很少有动物是自然死亡的；那时的生存竞争实在是太激烈了。		62:4.5 (707.4) Although in emotional nature the Primates differed little from their forebears, they exhibited more of a human trend in all of their propensities. They were, indeed, splendid and superior animals, reaching maturity at about ten years of age and having a natural life span of about forty years. That is, they might have lived that long had they died natural deaths, but in those early days very few animals ever died a natural death; the struggle for existence was altogether too intense.
62:4.6 (707.5) 此时，在将近九百代的发展之后，从发端类哺乳动物的发源算起，涵盖了大约两万一千年，灵长类动物突然生出了两个卓尔不凡的生灵，即最早的真正人类。		62:4.6 (707.5) And now, after almost nine hundred generations of development, covering about twenty-one thousand years from the origin of the dawn mammals, the Primates suddenly gave birth to two remarkable creatures, the first true human beings.
62:4.7 (707.6) 就这样，源自北美狐猴类型的发端类哺乳动物产生了中间类哺乳动物，而这些中间类哺乳动物又产生了优良的灵长类，它成为了原始人类的直接祖先。在人类的进化过程中，灵长类是最后一个关键环节，然而在不到五千年中，这些卓越的类群竟没有一个个体存活下来。		62:4.7 (707.6) Thus it was that the dawn mammals, springing from the North American lemur type, gave origin to the mid-mammals, and these mid-mammals in turn produced the superior Primates, who became the immediate ancestors of the primitive human race. The Primates tribes were the last vital link in the evolution of man, but in less than five thousand years not a single individual of these extraordinary tribes was left.
5. 最早的人类 ^top		5. The First Human Beings ^top
62:5.1 (707.7) 从公元1934年回溯到最初两个人类的诞生，只不过是993,419年。		62:5.1 (707.7) From the year a.d. 1934 back to the birth of the first two human beings is just 993,419 years.
62:5.2 (707.8) 这两个非同凡响的生灵是真正的人类。他们与其许多祖先一样，拥有完美的人类拇指，与此同时，他们也拥有了就像现今人类一样的完美双脚。他们能够直立行走、能够奔跑，却不再能够攀爬。大脚趾的抓握功能则完全不在了。当危险驱使他们要到树端时，他们只能像今日人类那样爬树了。他们能够像熊一样爬上树干，而不是像黑猩猩或大猩猩那样凭借树枝起摆。		62:5.2 (707.8) These two remarkable creatures were true human beings. They possessed perfect human thumbs, as had many of their ancestors, while they had just as perfect feet as the present-day human races. They were walkers and runners, not climbers; the grasping function of the big toe was absent, completely absent. When danger drove them to the treetops, they climbed just like the humans of today would. They would climb up the trunk of a tree like a bear and not as would a chimpanzee or a gorilla, swinging up by the branches.
62:5.3 (708.1) 这些初始人类（及其后裔）在十二岁时达到了完全的成熟，并拥有大约七十五年的潜在寿命。		62:5.3 (708.1) These first human beings (and their descendants) reached full maturity at twelve years of age and possessed a potential life span of about seventy-five years.
62:5.4 (708.2) 在这对人类双胞胎身上很早就出现了许多新的情感。他们体验到了对实物及其它生物的钦羡之情，并表现出了相当大的虚荣心。然而在情感发展中最显著的进步，是一组全新的真正人类情感的突然出现 -- 一组虔诚的情感，包括敬畏、崇敬、谦卑，乃至一种原始形式的感激。恐惧，与对自然现象的无知掺合在一起，便会产生原始的宗教信仰。		62:5.4 (708.2) Many new emotions early appeared in these human twins. They experienced admiration for both objects and other beings and exhibited considerable vanity. But the most remarkable advance in emotional development was the sudden appearance of a new group of really human feelings, the worshipful group, embracing awe, reverence, humility, and even a primitive form of gratitude. Fear, joined with ignorance of natural phenomena, is about to give birth to primitive religion.
62:5.5 (708.3) 在这些原始人类中，不但显现出这样一些人类情感，而且许多更为高度进化的情感也以初步的形式出现了。他们会隐约感受到怜悯、羞愧和耻辱，并会敏锐地意识到爱、恨和报复，也会对嫉妒这种显著的情感十分敏感。		62:5.5 (708.3) Not only were such human feelings manifested in these primitive humans, but many more highly evolved sentiments were also present in rudimentary form. They were mildly cognizant of pity, shame, and reproach and were acutely conscious of love, hate, and revenge, being also susceptible to marked feelings of jealousy.
62:5.6 (708.4) 最初的这两个人，这对双胞胎，对其灵长类父母来说是一个巨大的考验。他们是如此好奇又如此爱冒险，以致在八岁以前他们有好多次濒于丧命。事实上到十二岁时，他们已是伤痕累累了。		62:5.6 (708.4) These first two humans—the twins—were a great trial to their Primates parents. They were so curious and adventurous that they nearly lost their lives on numerous occasions before they were eight years old. As it was, they were rather well scarred up by the time they were twelve.
62:5.7 (708.5) 他们很早就学会了以语言交流；到十岁时，他们已创造出一种包含了近五十个概念的改进性符号文字语言，并大大改进和扩展了其祖先粗陋的交流技巧。但尽管竭尽全力，他们却只能教会其父母很少几个他们新创的符号和标记。		62:5.7 (708.5) Very early they learned to engage in verbal communication; by the age of ten they had worked out an improved sign and word language of almost half a hundred ideas and had greatly improved and expanded the crude communicative technique of their ancestors. But try as hard as they might, they were able to teach only a few of their new signs and symbols to their parents.
62:5.8 (708.6) 大约在九岁时，他们在一个阳光明媚的日子里沿河而下，并举行了一次重要的约会。每一个常驻在玉苒厦(Urantia)的天界之灵，包括我自己，都作为这次正午约会举动的观察员而到场了。在这一重大的日子里，他们达成共识，要共同生活、彼此关照，这是一系列此类协议中的第一个，而这些协议最终以决定逃离其低级动物伙伴去往北方而告终，他们一点都不知道，他们就这样建立了人类。		62:5.8 (708.6) When about nine years of age, they journeyed off down the river one bright day and held a momentous conference. Every celestial intelligence stationed on Urantia, including myself, was present as an observer of the transactions of this noontide tryst. On this eventful day they arrived at an understanding to live with and for each other, and this was the first of a series of such agreements which finally culminated in the decision to flee from their inferior animal associates and to journey northward, little knowing that they were thus to found the human race.
62:5.9 (708.7) 尽管我们都对这两个小野人的计划高度关注，但我们却无力来控制其心智的运行；我们不曾 -- 也不能 -- 武断地影响他们的决定。但在行星职责的容许范围内，我们这些生命载运者们，与我们的伙伴们一起，都协力促成将这对人类的双胞胎引向北方，远离他们浑身是毛而半作树栖的同类。如此，由于他们自己的智性选择，这对双胞胎的确是迁移了，也由于我们的监护，他们向北迁移到一个隐蔽的区域，他们在那儿避免了因与其低级灵长类亲属杂交而可能导致的生物性退化。		62:5.9 (708.7) While we were all greatly concerned with what these two little savages were planning, we were powerless to control the working of their minds; we did not—could not—arbitrarily influence their decisions. But within the permissible limits of planetary function, we, the Life Carriers, together with our associates, all conspired to lead the human twins northward and far from their hairy and partially tree-dwelling people. And so, by reason of their own intelligent choice, the twins did migrate, and because of our supervision they migrated northward to a secluded region where they escaped the possibility of biologic degradation through admixture with their inferior relatives of the Primates tribes.
62:5.10 (708.8) 在他们离开森林故居前不久，他们在一次长臂猿的袭击中失去了母亲。尽管她尚未具有他们的智能，但却拥有一个哺乳动物高尚珍贵的护犊之情，她无畏地献出其生命以尝试救护那对卓尔不凡的双胞胎。她的牺牲并非徒然，因为她一直抵挡着敌人，直到父亲带着援军前来，将进犯者们击溃。		62:5.10 (708.8) Shortly before their departure from the home forests they lost their mother in a gibbon raid. While she did not possess their intelligence, she did have a worthy mammalian affection of a high order for her offspring, and she fearlessly gave her life in the attempt to save the wonderful pair. Nor was her sacrifice in vain, for she held off the enemy until the father arrived with reinforcements and put the invaders to rout.
62:5.11 (709.1) 在这对年轻伴侣离开同伴去创立人类后不久，他们的灵长类父亲变得闷闷不乐 -- 他心碎了。他拒绝进食，即便其他孩子将食物放到他面前。他出色的后代消失了，在其普通孩子们中间的生活似乎不值得过；因此他漫步进入森林，被敌对的长臂猿所暗算而被殴打致死。		62:5.11 (709.1) Soon after this young couple forsook their associates to found the human race, their Primates father became disconsolate—he was heartbroken. He refused to eat, even when food was brought to him by his other children. His brilliant offspring having been lost, life did not seem worth living among his ordinary fellows; so he wandered off into the forest, was set upon by hostile gibbons and beaten to death.
6. 人类心智的进化 ^top		6. Evolution of the Human Mind ^top
62:6.1 (709.2) 我们这些玉苒厦(Urantia)上的生命载运者们，自从我们最初将生命质植入到该行星水域中的那天起，便经历了长时间的观察等待，自然而然地，最初真正有意志智能存有的出现，会给我们带来巨大的喜悦和无上的满足。		62:6.1 (709.2) We, the Life Carriers on Urantia, had passed through the long vigil of watchful waiting since the day we first planted the life plasm in the planetary waters, and naturally the appearance of the first really intelligent and volitional beings brought to us great joy and supreme satisfaction.
62:6.2 (709.3) 我们是通过观测在我们到达该行星时配属给玉苒厦(Urantia)的七个辅助心智之灵的运作，来一直照看这对双胞胎在心智上发展的。在行星生命的漫长进化发展中，这些孜孜不倦的心智照料者，不断记录着它们与渐优类动物性生物相继扩展的脑性能不断增长的接触能力。		62:6.2 (709.3) We had been watching the twins develop mentally through our observation of the functioning of the seven adjutant mind-spirits assigned to Urantia at the time of our arrival on the planet. Throughout the long evolutionary development of planetary life, these tireless mind ministers had ever registered their increasing ability to contact with the successively expanding brain capacities of the progressively superior animal creatures.
62:6.3 (709.4) 起初只有直觉之灵能够在原始动物生命的本能性反射活动中运作。随着更高等类型的分化，理解之灵能够赋予此等生物以自发联想的天赋。后来我们观测到了勇气之灵的运作；正在进化中的动物真正发展出了一种粗略形式的保护性自我意识。随着哺乳动物类别的出现，我们看到了知识之灵以渐增的程度显现着自身。而更高等哺乳动物的进化则带来了咨议之灵的运作，伴随着群居本能的相应成长及原始社交发展的开始。		62:6.3 (709.4) At first only the spirit of intuition could function in the instinctive and reflex behavior of the primordial animal life. With the differentiation of higher types, the spirit of understanding was able to endow such creatures with the gift of spontaneous association of ideas. Later on we observed the spirit of courage in operation; evolving animals really developed a crude form of protective self-consciousness. Subsequent to the appearance of the mammalian groups, we beheld the spirit of knowledge manifesting itself in increased measure. And the evolution of the higher mammals brought the function of the spirit of counsel, with the resulting growth of the herd instinct and the beginnings of primitive social development.
62:6.4 (709.5) 越来越多地，沿着发端类哺乳动物往下，经由中间类哺乳动物，再到灵长类动物，我们观测到了前五个辅助之灵的扩增性服务。但剩下两个最高等的心智照料者，却一直都未能在玉苒厦(Urantia)类型的进化性心智中运作过。		62:6.4 (709.5) Increasingly, on down through the dawn mammals, the mid-mammals, and the Primates, we had observed the augmented service of the first five adjutants. But never had the remaining two, the highest mind ministers, been able to function in the Urantia type of evolutionary mind.
62:6.5 (709.6) 这对双胞胎大约十岁时，当崇拜之灵与女胞的心智首次接触，并在随后不久与男胞心智接触后，想象一下我们那天是多么的喜悦！我们了解到，某种极为类似于人类心智的东西正在接近顶点；而当大约一年以后，在他们深思熟虑后最终决定逃离家园而北行时，智慧之灵便开始在玉苒厦(Urantia)上这两个被认定为人类的心智中运作了。		62:6.5 (709.6) Imagine our joy one day—the twins were about ten years old—when the spirit of worship made its first contact with the mind of the female twin and shortly thereafter with the male. We knew that something closely akin to human mind was approaching culmination; and when, about a year later, they finally resolved, as a result of meditative thought and purposeful decision, to flee from home and journey north, then did the spirit of wisdom begin to function on Urantia and in these two now recognized human minds.
62:6.6 (709.7) 七个辅助心智之灵有了一种即刻而全新类别的动员。我们充满了希望；我们意识到等待已久的时刻即将到来。我们了解到，我们在玉苒厦(Urantia)上演化出意志受造物的持久努力就要付诸实现了。		62:6.6 (709.7) There was an immediate and new order of mobilization of the seven adjutant mind-spirits. We were alive with expectation; we realized that the long-waited-for hour was approaching; we knew we were upon the threshold of the realization of our protracted effort to evolve will creatures on Urantia.
7. 认定为一个有人居住的世界 ^top		7. Recognition as an Inhabited World ^top
62:7.1 (709.8) 我们并没有等待太长时间。在双胞胎逃离后的翌日中午，在玉苒厦(Urantia)的行星接收中心出现了宇宙回路信号的最初测试性闪光。当然，我们都激动地意识到，一件大事即将发生；由于这个世界是一个生命实验站，对于我们将如何获悉智能生命在这颗星球上的认定，我们毫无概念。然而我们的悬念并没有延续很长时间。就在这对双胞胎逃离后的第三天，在生命载运者团队离开之前，负责建立最初行星回路的内巴顿(Nebadon)大天使到来了。		62:7.1 (709.8) We did not have to wait long. At noon, the day after the runaway of the twins, there occurred the initial test flash of the universe circuit signals at the planetary reception-focus of Urantia. We were, of course, all astir with the realization that a great event was impending; but since this world was a life-experiment station, we had not the slightest idea of just how we would be apprised of the recognition of intelligent life on the planet. But we were not long in suspense. On the third day after the elopement of the twins, and before the Life Carrier corps departed, there arrived the Nebadon archangel of initial planetary circuit establishment.
62:7.2 (710.1) 当我们小组聚集在行星空间通讯中心，通过新建立的行星心智回路，接收到来自萨尔文顿(Salvington)的第一条信息时，这在玉苒厦(Urantia)上是意义重大的一天。这一由大天使团队的首领所口述的头条信息，说道：		62:7.2 (710.1) It was an eventful day on Urantia when our small group gathered about the planetary pole of space communication and received the first message from Salvington over the newly established mind circuit of the planet. And this first message, dictated by the chief of the archangel corps, said:
62:7.3 (710.2) “致玉苒厦(Urantia)上的生命载运者们 -- 祝贺你们！我们传送出萨尔文顿(Salvington)、伊甸厦(Edentia)和耶路瑟姆(Jerusem)的巨大喜悦确信，以庆贺玉苒厦具有意志尊严的心智存在之信号，在内巴顿(Nebadon)总部得到了登记。这对双胞胎向北逃离及将其后代与其低等祖先分开的果断决定已获记录。这是玉苒厦上的心智 -- 即人类类型心智 -- 的第一个决定，并自动建立了通讯回路，这首条确认信息正是通过该回路传送的。”		62:7.3 (710.2) “To the Life Carriers on Urantia—Greetings! We transmit assurance of great pleasure on Salvington, Edentia, and Jerusem in honor of the registration on the headquarters of Nebadon of the signal of the existence on Urantia of mind of will dignity. The purposeful decision of the twins to flee northward and segregate their offspring from their inferior ancestors has been noted. This is the first decision of mind—the human type of mind—on Urantia and automatically establishes the circuit of communication over which this initial message of acknowledgment is transmitting.”
62:7.4 (710.3) 紧接着通过这一新回路传来的是伊甸厦(Edentia)极高者们的问候，其中包含着针对常驻生命载运者的指导，禁止我们干涉已由我们建立起来的生命模式。我们受到指示，不要介入人类进程中的事务。但这并不意味着生命载运者们曾经武断而机械地干预过行星进化计划的自然运作，因为我们从未这样做过。然而到此时为止，我们曾获准以一种特别的方式来操纵环境和保护生命质，正是这项非凡但却完全自然的监管要被中止了。		62:7.4 (710.3) Next over this new circuit came the greetings of the Most Highs of Edentia, containing instructions for the resident Life Carriers forbidding us to interfere with the pattern of life we had established. We were directed not to intervene in the affairs of human progress. It should not be inferred that Life Carriers ever arbitrarily and mechanically interfere with the natural outworking of the planetary evolutionary plans, for we do not. But up to this time we had been permitted to manipulate the environment and shield the life plasm in a special manner, and it was this extraordinary, but wholly natural, supervision that was to be discontinued.
62:7.5 (710.4) 极高者们刚讲完不久，来自当时撒旦尼亚(Satania)系统君主路西法的美好信息便开始行星化了。此时生命载运者们听到了来自他们自己首领的欢迎辞，并收到了他准许其返回耶路瑟姆(Jerusem)的指示。这一来自路西法的信息包含了对生命载运者在玉苒厦(Urantia)上工作的正式认可，也使我们免于在改进撒旦尼亚系统中确立的内巴顿(Nebadon)生命模式所做任何努力而招致的所有未来指责。		62:7.5 (710.4) And no sooner had the Most Highs left off speaking than the beautiful message of Lucifer, then sovereign of the Satania system, began to planetize. Now the Life Carriers heard the welcome words of their own chief and received his permission to return to Jerusem. This message from Lucifer contained the official acceptance of the Life Carriers’ work on Urantia and absolved us from all future criticism of any of our efforts to improve the life patterns of Nebadon as established in the Satania system.
62:7.6 (710.5) 这些来自萨尔文顿(Salvington)、伊甸厦(Edentia)和耶路瑟姆(Jerusem)的信息，正式标志着生命载运者们对行星长期监管的终结。很久以来，我们仅在七个辅助心智之灵和主物理控制者们的帮助下履行职责。此时，意志、即这种选择崇拜与扬升的能力，已经出现在这颗行星的进化受造物身中了，我们意识到我们的工作完成了，我们团队也准备好要离开了。由于玉苒厦(Urantia)是一个生命改型类世界，因此两位资深生命载运者和十二位助手获准留了下来，我被选为该团队的一员，并从那以后一直在玉苒厦上。		62:7.6 (710.5) These messages from Salvington, Edentia, and Jerusem formally marked the termination of the Life Carriers’ agelong supervision of the planet. For ages we had been on duty, assisted only by the seven adjutant mind-spirits and the Master Physical Controllers. And now, will, the power of choosing to worship and to ascend, having appeared in the evolutionary creatures of the planet, we realized that our work was finished, and our group prepared to depart. Urantia being a life-modification world, permission was granted to leave behind two senior Life Carriers with twelve assistants, and I was chosen as one of this group and have ever since been on Urantia.
62:7.7 (710.6) 正是在993,408年以前（从公元1934年算起），玉苒厦(Urantia)世界才被正式确认为内巴顿(Nebadon)宇宙中一颗有人类居住的行星。生物进化又一次达到了拥有意志尊严的人类水平；人类已经诞生在撒旦尼亚(Satania)的第606号行星上。		62:7.7 (710.6) It is just 993,408 years ago (from the year a.d. 1934) that Urantia was formally recognized as a planet of human habitation in the universe of Nebadon. Biologic evolution had once again achieved the human levels of will dignity; man had arrived on planet 606 of Satania.
62:7.8 (710.7) [由一位常驻玉苒厦(Urantia)的生命载运者所提供。]		62:7.8 (710.7) [Sponsored by a Life Carrier of Nebadon resident on Urantia.]