第72篇		Paper 72
一个邻近行星上的管理机构		Government on a Neighboring Planet
72:0.1 (808.1) 经兰纳福格(Lanaforge)的许可、并经伊甸厦(Edentia)极高者们的批准，我被授权讲述居住在撒旦尼亚(Satantia)系统所属一个不远行星上的最先进人类种族之社会、道德和政治生活中的某些情况。		72:0.1 (808.1) BY PERMISSION of Lanaforge and with the approval of the Most Highs of Edentia, I am authorized to narrate something of the social, moral, and political life of the most advanced human race living on a not far-distant planet belonging to the Satania system.
72:0.2 (808.2) 在所有因参与路西法反叛而被隔离的撒旦尼亚(Satantia)世界中，这个行星所经历的历史与玉苒厦(Urantia)最为相似。两个星球的相似之处，无疑解释了何以能获允做这一非凡的陈述，因为对于系统支配者而言，同意在一个行星上去讲述另一个行星的事务是极不寻常的。		72:0.2 (808.2) Of all the Satania worlds which became isolated because of participation in the Lucifer rebellion, this planet has experienced a history most like that of Urantia. The similarity of the two spheres undoubtedly explains why permission to make this extraordinary presentation was granted, for it is most unusual for the system rulers to consent to the narration on one planet of the affairs of another.
72:0.3 (808.3) 这个行星就像玉苒厦(Urantia)一样，因其涉入路西法反叛的行星君王之不忠而被引入了歧途。在亚当来到玉苒厦后不久，它也接收了一名物质性之子，而该圣子也违约了，使得该星球被隔离了，此后并无执法之子被赠与到其凡人族类身上。		72:0.3 (808.3) This planet, like Urantia, was led astray by the disloyalty of its Planetary Prince in connection with the Lucifer rebellion. It received a Material Son shortly after Adam came to Urantia, and this Son also defaulted, leaving the sphere isolated, since a Magisterial Son has never been bestowed upon its mortal races.
1. 大陆国家 ^top		1. The Continental Nation ^top
72:1.1 (808.4) 尽管存在着所有这些行星不利因素，但仍有一个非常优秀的文明在一个约为澳洲大小的孤立大陆上演进着。这个国家大约有一亿四千万人口。其民族是一个混合的种族，主要为蓝色种族和黄色种族，它们所拥有的紫种血统比例较玉苒厦(Urantia)上所谓白种人所拥有的紫种血统比例稍大一些。这些不同的种族还未完全融合，但他们尚可友好往来。现在这一大陆上的平均寿命为九十岁，要比该星球上任何其它民族高出百分之十五。		72:1.1 (808.4) Notwithstanding all these planetary handicaps a very superior civilization is evolving on an isolated continent about the size of Australia. This nation numbers about 140 million. Its people are a mixed race, predominantly blue and yellow, having a slightly greater proportion of violet than the so-called white race of Urantia. These different races are not yet fully blended, but they fraternize and socialize very acceptably. The average length of life on this continent is now ninety years, fifteen per cent higher than that of any other people on the planet.
72:1.2 (808.5) 这个国家的产业机制享有某种源自该大陆独特地形的巨大优势。一年中有八个月强降雨的高大山脉位于这个国家的正中心。这种自然安排有助于对水力的利用，并极大促进了该大陆西部较干旱地区的灌溉。		72:1.2 (808.5) The industrial mechanism of this nation enjoys a certain great advantage derived from the unique topography of the continent. The high mountains, on which heavy rains fall eight months in the year, are situated at the very center of the country. This natural arrangement favors the utilization of water power and greatly facilitates the irrigation of the more arid western quarter of the continent.
72:1.3 (808.6) 这些民众是自给自足的，就是说，他们无须从周边国家进口任何东西而可以长期生存下去。他们的自然资源极其丰富，而凭借科学技术，他们学会了如何去弥补其生活必需品方面的不足。他们享有兴旺的国内贸易，但由于其欠进步邻国的普遍敌意，几乎没有国外贸易。		72:1.3 (808.6) These people are self-sustaining, that is, they can live indefinitely without importing anything from the surrounding nations. Their natural resources are replete, and by scientific techniques they have learned how to compensate for their deficiencies in the essentials of life. They enjoy a brisk domestic commerce but have little foreign trade owing to the universal hostility of their less progressive neighbors.
72:1.4 (808.7) 总的说来，这个大陆国家遵循着这个星球的进化趋势：从部落阶段发展到强大统治者和君王的出现，这占用了数千年的岁月。这种绝对的君主制之后是许多不同类别的管理机构 -- 流产的共和制、公有制，还有众多的独裁者不停地换来换去。这种发展一直持续到大约五百年前，当时处于一个政治上骚乱不安的时期，这个国家的三个强大独裁统治者之一改变了主意。他自愿退位，但条件是其他两名统治者中的一个，即余下二人中较卑劣的一个，也要让出他的独裁权。于是，这个大陆的统治权便被置于一个统治者的手中。在强有力的君主制统治之下，这个统一起来的国家向前发展了一百多年，在此期间，演化出了一部强有力的自由宪章。		72:1.4 (808.7) This continental nation, in general, followed the evolutionary trend of the planet: The development from the tribal stage to the appearance of strong rulers and kings occupied thousands of years. The unconditional monarchs were succeeded by many different orders of government—abortive republics, communal states, and dictators came and went in endless profusion. This growth continued until about five hundred years ago when, during a politically fermenting period, one of the nation’s powerful dictator-triumvirs had a change of heart. He volunteered to abdicate upon condition that one of the other rulers, the baser of the remaining two, also vacate his dictatorship. Thus was the sovereignty of the continent placed in the hands of one ruler. The unified state progressed under strong monarchial rule for over one hundred years, during which there evolved a masterful charter of liberty.
72:1.5 (809.1) 随后从君主制到代表制管理机构形式的过渡是逐步性的，君王只是作为社会性或者说是情感上的名义领袖而保留下来，而当男性血统耗尽时最终将消失。现在的共和国如今已存续了刚好二百年，在这期间管理手段有了持续不断的进步，这会在其后得以叙述，在产业和政治领域内的最新发展，则是在过去十年间取得的。		72:1.5 (809.1) The subsequent transition from monarchy to a representative form of government was gradual, the kings remaining as mere social or sentimental figureheads, finally disappearing when the male line of descent ran out. The present republic has now been in existence just two hundred years, during which time there has been a continuous progression toward the governmental techniques about to be narrated, the last developments in industrial and political realms having been made within the past decade.
2. 政治组织 ^top		2. Political Organization ^top
72:2.1 (809.2) 这个大陆国家现在有一个代表制管理机构，并有一个位于中部的国家首都。中央管理机构由一个强大的联邦组成，它包含了一百个相对自由的州。这些州选出其州长和立法者任期十年，而他们都不得再选。州法官由州长任命为终身制，并由其立法机关所确认，后者由每十万个公民选出的一名代表组成。		72:2.1 (809.2) This continental nation now has a representative government with a centrally located national capital. The central government consists of a strong federation of one hundred comparatively free states. These states elect their governors and legislators for ten years, and none are eligible for re-election. State judges are appointed for life by the governors and confirmed by their legislatures, which consist of one representative for each one hundred thousand citizens.
72:2.2 (809.3) 根据城市的大小，有五种不同类型的都市管理机构，但任何城市都不允许拥有一百万以上的居民。总体而言，这些市政管理方案是非常简单、直接而经济的。为数不多的城市管理机构是最高类型的市民所热心追求的。		72:2.2 (809.3) There are five different types of metropolitan government, depending on the size of the city, but no city is permitted to have more than one million inhabitants. On the whole, these municipal governing schemes are very simple, direct, and economical. The few offices of city administration are keenly sought by the highest types of citizens.
72:2.3 (809.4) 联邦管理机构包括三个相互协调的部门：行政、立法和司法部门。联邦的首席行政长官要通过全境普选的方式，每六年选举一次。仅当有至少七十五个州的立法机关提出请求，并由各相应州长同意，他才可以连任，但只可连任一届。他还要接受一个超级内阁的建议，它是由所有活着的前行政长官组成的。		72:2.3 (809.4) The federal government embraces three co-ordinate divisions: executive, legislative, and judicial. The federal chief executive is elected every six years by universal territorial suffrage. He is not eligible for re-election except upon the petition of at least seventy-five state legislatures concurred in by the respective state governors, and then but for one term. He is advised by a supercabinet composed of all living ex-chief executives.
72:2.4 (809.5) 立法部门包括三个议院：		72:2.4 (809.5) The legislative division embraces three houses:
72:2.5 (809.6) 1. 上议院由产业类、职业类、农业类及其他类劳动者所选出，各依照其经济职能而投票。		72:2.5 (809.6) 1. The upper house is elected by industrial, professional, agricultural, and other groups of workers, balloting in accordance with economic function.
72:2.6 (809.7) 2. 下议院由某些未包括在产业或职业内的社会组织所选出，包括社会性、政治性和哲学性群体，所有信誉良好的公民都可以参加两种代表的选举，但他们会得到不同的分类，这取决于选举关涉上议院还是下议院。		72:2.6 (809.7) 2. The lower house is elected by certain organizations of society embracing the social, political, and philosophic groups not included in industry or the professions. All citizens in good standing participate in the election of both classes of representatives, but they are differently grouped, depending on whether the election pertains to the upper or lower house.
72:2.7 (809.8) 3. 第三院 -- 即元老们 -- 包括曾为公民服务的老前辈，也包括许多由首席行政长官、地方（次联邦）行政长官、高等法院首脑，以及其它两个议院中主掌官员所提名的杰出人士。该团体限定为一百人，其成员由元老们自己以多数表决方式选举产生。会员资格是终生的，当有空缺出现时，在候补人名单中得票最多的一位便可因此当选。该机构的职能单纯属顾问性的，但它也是一个强大的民意调节机构，并对所有管理机构分支施加着一种有力的影响。		72:2.7 (809.8) 3. The third house—the elder statesmen—embraces the veterans of civic service and includes many distinguished persons nominated by the chief executive, by the regional (subfederal) executives, by the chief of the supreme tribunal, and by the presiding officers of either of the other legislative houses. This group is limited to one hundred, and its members are elected by the majority action of the elder statesmen themselves. Membership is for life, and when vacancies occur, the person receiving the largest ballot among the list of nominees is thereby duly elected. The scope of this body is purely advisory, but it is a mighty regulator of public opinion and exerts a powerful influence upon all branches of the government.
72:2.8 (810.1) 许多的联邦管理工作，是由十个地方（次联邦）当局来承担的，每一个是由十个州的联盟组成。这些地方的部门，全都是行政管理性的，既没有立法职能，也没有司法职能。十个地方行政长官，是由联邦首席行政长官个人任命的，他们的任职期限与其同步 -- 也是六年。联邦最高法院要批准这十个地方官员的任命，尽管他们不可以被再次任命，但退休的行政长官会自动成为其继任者的助理和顾问。另外，这些地方首脑会选择自己的行政官员组成内阁。		72:2.8 (810.1) Very much of the federal administrative work is carried on by the ten regional (subfederal) authorities, each consisting of the association of ten states. These regional divisions are wholly executive and administrative, having neither legislative nor judicial functions. The ten regional executives are the personal appointees of the federal chief executive, and their term of office is concurrent with his—six years. The federal supreme tribunal approves the appointment of these ten regional executives, and while they may not be reappointed, the retiring executive automatically becomes the associate and adviser of his successor. Otherwise, these regional chiefs choose their own cabinets of administrative officials.
72:2.9 (810.2) 这个国家是依靠两个主要的法院系统来裁决的 -- 律法法院和社会经济法院。律法法院在以下三个层次上运作：		72:2.9 (810.2) This nation is adjudicated by two major court systems—the law courts and the socioeconomic courts. The law courts function on the following three levels:
72:2.10 (810.3) 1. 初等法院，具有市级和地方级的管辖权，对它的判决可以向州高等法院上诉。		72:2.10 (810.3) 1. Minor courts of municipal and local jurisdiction, whose decisions may be appealed to the high state tribunals.
72:2.11 (810.4) 2. 州高等法院，它对不涉及联邦管理机构或是危害公民权利和自由的一切事务之判决都是不可更改的。地方行政长官同时被授权，可以把任何一个案子送交到联邦最高法院。		72:2.11 (810.4) 2. State supreme courts, whose decisions are final in all matters not involving the federal government or jeopardy of citizenship rights and liberties. The regional executives are empowered to bring any case at once to the bar of the federal supreme court.
72:2.12 (810.5) 3. 联邦最高法院 -- 即裁决民族纷争和来自州法院的上诉案件的高等法庭。这个最高法院由十二位四十岁以上、七十五岁以下的男性组成，他们应当已在某个州法院服务了两年或更多时间，他们由联邦首席行政长官委以此项崇高职务，还要经过超级内阁和立法议会第三院的多数同意。这一最高司法实体的所有裁决，都要至少三分之二的成员表决通过。		72:2.12 (810.5) 3. Federal supreme court—the high tribunal for the adjudication of national contentions and the appellate cases coming up from the state courts. This supreme tribunal consists of twelve men over forty and under seventy-five years of age who have served two or more years on some state tribunal, and who have been appointed to this high position by the chief executive with the majority approval of the supercabinet and the third house of the legislative assembly. All decisions of this supreme judicial body are by at least a two-thirds vote.
72:2.13 (810.6) 社会经济法院按以下三个部门来运作：		72:2.13 (810.6) The socioeconomic courts function in the following three divisions:
72:2.14 (810.7) 1. 家事法院，与涉及家庭和社会体系的立法和行政部门相关。		72:2.14 (810.7) 1. Parental courts, associated with the legislative and executive divisions of the home and social system.
72:2.15 (810.8) 2. 教育法院 -- 与州和地方学校体系有关的司法机构，又与涉及教育管理机制的行政和立法部门相关联。		72:2.15 (810.8) 2. Educational courts—the juridical bodies connected with the state and regional school systems and associated with the executive and legislative branches of the educational administrative mechanism.
72:2.16 (810.9) 3. 产业法院 -- 对所有经济纠纷的解决拥有全权的仲裁法院。		72:2.16 (810.9) 3. Industrial courts—the jurisdictional tribunals vested with full authority for the settlement of all economic misunderstandings.
72:2.17 (810.10) 仅当国家管理机构中的第三立法分支，即元老院，以四分之三的票数通过，联邦最高法院才可受理任何社会经济案件。否则，家事、教育和产业高等法院的所有裁决都是不可更改的。		72:2.17 (810.10) The federal supreme court does not pass upon socioeconomic cases except upon the three-quarters vote of the third legislative branch of the national government, the house of elder statesmen. Otherwise, all decisions of the parental, educational, and industrial high courts are final.
3. 家庭生活 ^top		3. The Home Life ^top
72:3.1 (811.1) 在这个大陆上，两个家庭生活在同一屋檐下是有违法律的。自从集体住处被宣布为不合法以来，绝大多数租户类型建筑都被拆毁了。但是，尚未结婚的人仍然可以住在会馆、旅店及其它集体住处中。获准的最小住宅基地必须要提供五万平方英尺（四千六百四十五平方米）的土地。用来建造家园的所有土地及其它地产，凡是其面积不超过最低住宅基地分配十倍者都是免税的。		72:3.1 (811.1) On this continent it is against the law for two families to live under the same roof. And since group dwellings have been outlawed, most of the tenement type of buildings have been demolished. But the unmarried still live in clubs, hotels, and other group dwellings. The smallest homesite permitted must provide fifty thousand square feet of land. All land and other property used for home purposes are free from taxation up to ten times the minimum homesite allotment.
72:3.2 (811.2) 在上一世纪，这个民族的家庭生活极大改善了。父母亲参加涉及孩子教养的家事学校是强制性的。即便是居住在小乡村定居点的农业人口，也要通过函授方式来进行这项工作，还要去附近的中心接受口头传授，每十天一次 -- 即每两周一次，因为他们保持着一周为五天。		72:3.2 (811.2) The home life of this people has greatly improved during the last century. Attendance of parents, both fathers and mothers, at the parental schools of child culture is compulsory. Even the agriculturists who reside in small country settlements carry on this work by correspondence, going to the near-by centers for oral instruction once in ten days—every two weeks, for they maintain a five-day week.
72:3.3 (811.3) 每个家庭的孩子平均数量是五个，他们处于自己父母的充分管教之下，或者，如果双亲之一或两者都过世了，他们就要由家事法院所指定的监护人照管。对于任何一个家庭而言，能够获得一个失去双亲孤儿的监护权，通常被认为是莫大的荣耀。在父母亲们中间要举行竞争性测验，孤儿会被托付给那些展示了最佳双亲资格的家庭。		72:3.3 (811.3) The average number of children in each family is five, and they are under the full control of their parents or, in case of the demise of one or both, under that of the guardians designated by the parental courts. It is considered a great honor for any family to be awarded the guardianship of a full orphan. Competitive examinations are held among parents, and the orphan is awarded to the home of those displaying the best parental qualifications.
72:3.4 (811.4) 这些民众把家庭视作他们文明的基本制度。人们期望，一个儿童的教育和性格培养中最有价值的部分，要从其家中的父母那里获得，而父亲也要像母亲一样，对孩子的教养尽可能多的投入关注。		72:3.4 (811.4) These people regard the home as the basic institution of their civilization. It is expected that the most valuable part of a child’s education and character training will be secured from his parents and at home, and fathers devote almost as much attention to child culture as do mothers.
72:3.5 (811.5) 所有关于性的教导，都是在家中由父母或法定监护人所执行的。道德教导则是由教师们在学校工场的课间休息期间提供的，但宗教培训却并非如此，它被认为是父母的专有特权，宗教被视为是家庭生活必不可少的一部分。纯宗教的教导只在哲学殿堂中公开进行，在这个民族中间，没有形成像玉苒厦(Urantia)教会那样的专门宗教机构。在他们的哲学中，宗教就是要去努力感知神，还要通过为自己同胞们服务，来表明对他们的爱，但这却不是这个星球上其它民族的典型宗教状况。宗教在这些民众中间完全是一种家庭事务，因此没有任何专门为宗教集会所设立的场所。从政治上来说，正像玉苒厦人(Urantian)习惯说的那样，教会和国家是截然分开的，但宗教和哲学却有一种奇妙的重迭。		72:3.5 (811.5) All sex instruction is administered in the home by parents or by legal guardians. Moral instruction is offered by teachers during the rest periods in the school shops, but not so with religious training, which is deemed to be the exclusive privilege of parents, religion being looked upon as an integral part of home life. Purely religious instruction is given publicly only in the temples of philosophy, no such exclusively religious institutions as the Urantia churches having developed among this people. In their philosophy, religion is the striving to know God and to manifest love for one’s fellows through service for them, but this is not typical of the religious status of the other nations on this planet. Religion is so entirely a family matter among these people that there are no public places devoted exclusively to religious assembly. Politically, church and state, as Urantians are wont to say, are entirely separate, but there is a strange overlapping of religion and philosophy.
72:3.6 (811.6) 一直到二十年前，灵性导师（相当于玉苒厦的牧师）会定期拜访每个家庭，去考查孩子们，以确定他们是否受到了其父母的适当教导，这都处于管理机构的监管之下。这些灵性顾问和考查者们，目前则处在新成立的灵性进步基金会的管理之下，这是由自愿捐款所支持的一个机构。或许只有在一个天堂执法之子到来以后，这一机构才有可能进一步发展下去。		72:3.6 (811.6) Until twenty years ago the spiritual teachers (comparable to Urantia pastors), who visit each family periodically to examine the children to ascertain if they have been properly instructed by their parents, were under governmental supervision. These spiritual advisers and examiners are now under the direction of the newly created Foundation of Spiritual Progress, an institution supported by voluntary contributions. Possibly this institution may not further evolve until after the arrival of a Paradise Magisterial Son.
72:3.7 (811.7) 子女一直到十五岁都在法律上受其父母的管制，那时将要举行第一次承担公民责任的启动仪式。自那之后，每五年为一周期，在相继的五个周期内，都要为相应年龄的群体举行类似的公共典礼。在这当中，他们对父母的义务减少了，而要承担起新的对整个国家的公民和社会责任。二十岁时会被授予选举权，无须经过父母同意而结婚的权利，则直到二十五岁才被授予，而子女在满三十岁时，就必须要离开家庭。		72:3.7 (811.7) Children remain legally subject to their parents until they are fifteen, when the first initiation into civic responsibility is held. Thereafter, every five years for five successive periods similar public exercises are held for such age groups at which their obligations to parents are lessened, while new civic and social responsibilities to the state are assumed. Suffrage is conferred at twenty, the right to marry without parental consent is not bestowed until twenty-five, and children must leave home on reaching the age of thirty.
72:3.8 (812.1) 在整个国家当中，结婚和离婚的法律都是统一的。二十岁 -- 即获得公民选举权的年龄之前结婚，是不被允许的。只有在一年的意向通知之后，在新郎和新娘都提供证书表明他们已在家事学校就婚姻生活的诸多责任而接受过适当的指导后，才被授予结婚许可。		72:3.8 (812.1) Marriage and divorce laws are uniform throughout the nation. Marriage before twenty—the age of civil enfranchisement—is not permitted. Permission to marry is only granted after one year’s notice of intention, and after both bride and groom present certificates showing that they have been duly instructed in the parental schools regarding the responsibilities of married life.
72:3.9 (812.2) 离婚法规有点宽松，但由家事法院所发出的分离判决直到分离申请备案一年之后才可获得，而这个星球上的一年要比玉苒厦(Urantia)上长很多。尽管他们拥有宽松的离婚法律，但现在的离婚率只有玉苒厦文明种族的十分之一。		72:3.9 (812.2) Divorce regulations are somewhat lax, but decrees of separation, issued by the parental courts, may not be had until one year after application therefor has been recorded, and the year on this planet is considerably longer than on Urantia. Notwithstanding their easy divorce laws, the present rate of divorces is only one tenth that of the civilized races of Urantia.
4. 教育体系 ^top		4. The Educational System ^top
72:4.1 (812.3) 这个国家的教育体系在大学之前的学校中是义务性的，且是男女同校的，在校学生年龄从五岁到十八岁，这些学校与玉苒厦(Urantia)的那些学校是迥然相异的。那里没有教室，每次只致力于一个学科，在最初的三年之后，所有的学生都会成为助理教师，去指导那些他们下级的学生。书本只是用来获得信息，用来协助解决学校工场和学校农场中出现的难题。该大陆上所使用的大多家具和许多机械装置，都是在这些工场里生产出来的 -- 这是一个充满发明和机械化的时代。毗邻每个工场都有一个工作用的图书馆，学生们可以在其中查阅必要的参考书。在整个教育阶段，农业和园艺也会在靠近每所本地学校的广阔农场里得以传授。		72:4.1 (812.3) The educational system of this nation is compulsory and coeducational in the precollege schools that the student attends from the ages of five to eighteen. These schools are vastly different from those of Urantia. There are no classrooms, only one study is pursued at a time, and after the first three years all pupils become assistant teachers, instructing those below them. Books are used only to secure information that will assist in solving the problems arising in the school shops and on the school farms. Much of the furniture used on the continent and the many mechanical contrivances—this is a great age of invention and mechanization—are produced in these shops. Adjacent to each shop is a working library where the student may consult the necessary reference books. Agriculture and horticulture are also taught throughout the entire educational period on the extensive farms adjoining every local school.
72:4.2 (812.4) 低能者只被培养从事农业和畜牧业，并被终生收容进专门的监护聚居地，他们在那里按性别被隔离开来，以防止生儿育女，这在所有的低能者当中都是禁止的。这些限制性的措施，一直运作了七十五年；这种收容判决是由家事法院所下发的。		72:4.2 (812.4) The feeble-minded are trained only in agriculture and animal husbandry, and are committed for life to special custodial colonies where they are segregated by sex to prevent parenthood, which is denied all subnormals. These restrictive measures have been in operation for seventy-five years; the commitment decrees are handed down by the parental courts.
72:4.3 (812.5) 每人每年有一个月的假期。大学之前的学校，在一年十个月当中，有九个月是上课的，孩子们在假期中随同父母或朋友们一起旅行。这种旅行也是成人教育计划的一部分，而且持续终生，用于满足这种消费的资金，是采用了与养老保险完全一样的方式积累起来的。		72:4.3 (812.5) Everyone takes one month’s vacation each year. The precollege schools are conducted for nine months out of the year of ten, the vacation being spent with parents or friends in travel. This travel is a part of the adult-education program and is continued throughout a lifetime, the funds for meeting such expenses being accumulated by the same methods as those employed in old-age insurance.
72:4.4 (812.6) 学校时间的四分之一用于比赛 -- 竞技性体育 -- 学生们就是在这些比赛中得到发展的，从本地的比赛，到州和地方的，一直到国家的技能和特长选拔赛。同样，演讲和音乐比赛，以及那些科学和哲学方面的比赛，从下级社会赛区往上，直到事关国家荣誉的竞赛，占据着学生们的注意力。		72:4.4 (812.6) One quarter of the school time is devoted to play—competitive athletics—the pupils progressing in these contests from the local, through the state and regional, and on to the national trials of skill and prowess. Likewise, the oratorical and musical contests, as well as those in science and philosophy, occupy the attention of students from the lower social divisions on up to the contests for national honors.
72:4.5 (812.7) 学校管理机构是对国家管理机构的一种复制，它也有三个相互关联的分支机构，教学人员起到了第三类顾问性立法部门的作用。在这个大陆上，教育的主要目的就是让每个学生成为一个自立的公民。		72:4.5 (812.7) The school government is a replica of the national government with its three correlated branches, the teaching staff functioning as the third or advisory legislative division. The chief object of education on this continent is to make every pupil a self-supporting citizen.
72:4.6 (813.1) 每个从大学前的学校体系中毕业的十八岁孩子，都是一名技术娴熟的艺匠。然后在成人学校或是在大学中，开始对书本的学习，对专门知识的追求。当一名优秀的学生提前完成了他的学业时，他会被授予一种时间和经费方面的奖励，借此他可以实施自己设计的某个特别项目。整个教育体系旨在充分培养每一个人。		72:4.6 (813.1) Every child graduating from the precollege school system at eighteen is a skilled artisan. Then begins the study of books and the pursuit of special knowledge, either in the adult schools or in the colleges. When a brilliant student completes his work ahead of schedule, he is granted an award of time and means wherewith he may execute some pet project of his own devising. The entire educational system is designed to adequately train the individual.
5. 产业组织 ^top		5. Industrial Organization ^top
72:5.1 (813.2) 这一民族中间的产业状况，离他们的理想还很远。劳资双方还有纠纷，但双方都在逐步调整到真诚合作的计划中。在这个独特的大陆上，工人正在逐渐成为所有产业企业中的股东；每个有才智的劳动者正慢慢变成小资本家。		72:5.1 (813.2) The industrial situation among this people is far from their ideals; capital and labor still have their troubles, but both are becoming adjusted to the plan of sincere co-operation. On this unique continent the workers are increasingly becoming shareholders in all industrial concerns; every intelligent laborer is slowly becoming a small capitalist.
72:5.2 (813.3) 社会对抗正在减少，良好意愿在快速增长着。奴隶制的废除（一百多年前）并未产生任何严重的经济问题，因为这种调整是以每年百分之二的解放速度逐渐实现的。那些圆满通过了智力、道德和体能测试的奴隶们，会被授予公民身份；这些优秀的奴隶中，有许多是战俘或是战俘的子女。大概五十年以前，他们驱逐了最后一批低劣的奴隶，直到最近，他们仍把减少邪恶堕落份子的数量，当作自身的使命。		72:5.2 (813.3) Social antagonisms are lessening, and good will is growing apace. No grave economic problems have arisen out of the abolition of slavery (over one hundred years ago) since this adjustment was effected gradually by the liberation of two per cent each year. Those slaves who satisfactorily passed mental, moral, and physical tests were granted citizenship; many of these superior slaves were war captives or children of such captives. Some fifty years ago they deported the last of their inferior slaves, and still more recently they are addressing themselves to the task of reducing the numbers of their degenerate and vicious classes.
72:5.3 (813.4) 这些民众近来发展出了新的手段来调整产业纷争、纠正经济弊端，相对于其解决此类问题的老办法来说，这标志着诸多的改善。暴力作为一种调整个人或是产业纷争的做法，已被视为非法。工资、利润及其它经济问题尚未得到严格的监管，但它们通常是由产业立法机关来控制的，而所有来自产业的争端，都会由产业法院得以处理。		72:5.3 (813.4) These people have recently developed new techniques for the adjustment of industrial misunderstandings and for the correction of economic abuses which are marked improvements over their older methods of settling such problems. Violence has been outlawed as a procedure in adjusting either personal or industrial differences. Wages, profits, and other economic problems are not rigidly regulated, but they are in general controlled by the industrial legislatures, while all disputes arising out of industry are passed upon by the industrial courts.
72:5.4 (813.5) 产业法院只有三十年的历史，但却令人满意地运作着。最近的发展表明，今后产业法院将会把法定报酬视作分为三个部分：		72:5.4 (813.5) The industrial courts are only thirty years old but are functioning very satisfactorily. The most recent development provides that hereafter the industrial courts shall recognize legal compensation as falling in three divisions:
72:5.5 (813.6) 1. 投资者资本的法定利率。		72:5.5 (813.6) 1. Legal rates of interest on invested capital.
72:5.6 (813.7) 2. 在产业运营中，为雇佣的技术人员支付的合理薪金。		72:5.6 (813.7) 2. Reasonable salary for skill employed in industrial operations.
72:5.7 (813.8) 3. 劳动者应得的公平合理工资。		72:5.7 (813.8) 3. Fair and equitable wages for labor.
72:5.8 (813.9) 这些首先应该根据合同得到满足，或者在面临收益减少的情况下，他们应当按份额分摊暂时的亏损。其后，超出这些固定支出的所有收益，都应被视为红利，并应按比例分给所有三方：资方、技术人员和劳方。		72:5.8 (813.9) These shall first be met in accordance with contract, or in the face of decreased earnings they shall share proportionally in transient reduction. And thereafter all earnings in excess of these fixed charges shall be regarded as dividends and shall be prorated to all three divisions: capital, skill, and labor.
72:5.9 (813.10) 每过十年，地方行政长官就会调整和颁布每日有酬劳动的法定时间。现在，产业仍按一周五天的方式运转着，工作四天，休息一天。这些民众每个工作日要劳动六个小时，就像学生一样，一年十个月里工作九个月。假期通常用来旅行，新的交通手段近来发展迅速，整个国家都热衷于旅行。一年当中约有八个月的时间，气候非常适宜旅行，他们会最大限度地利用自己的机会。		72:5.9 (813.10) Every ten years the regional executives adjust and decree the lawful hours of daily gainful toil. Industry now operates on a five-day week, working four and playing one. These people labor six hours each working day and, like students, nine months in the year of ten. Vacation is usually spent in travel, and new methods of transportation having been so recently developed, the whole nation is travel bent. The climate favors travel about eight months in the year, and they are making the most of their opportunities.
72:5.10 (813.11) 二百年前，赢利的动机在产业中是完全占主导的，但现在，它正在被其它更高等的驱动力所取代着。在这个大陆上，竞争是激烈的，但大部分已从产业转到了消遣、技能、科学成果以及智性达成。它在社会服务和管理忠诚方面，是最为活跃的。在这一民族中间，公共服务已迅速变为主要的奋斗目标。这个大陆上最富有的人，在他的机器工场办公室里每天工作六个小时，之后就赶到政治才能学院的当地分校，在那里寻求获得公共服务的资格。		72:5.10 (813.11) Two hundred years ago the profit motive was wholly dominant in industry, but today it is being rapidly displaced by other and higher driving forces. Competition is keen on this continent, but much of it has been transferred from industry to play, skill, scientific achievement, and intellectual attainment. It is most active in social service and governmental loyalty. Among this people public service is rapidly becoming the chief goal of ambition. The richest man on the continent works six hours a day in the office of his machine shop and then hastens over to the local branch of the school of statesmanship, where he seeks to qualify for public service.
72:5.11 (814.1) 这个大陆上，劳动变得更为光荣，所有十八岁以上的健康公民或是在家中和农场里工作，在某个公认的产业中工作，在吸纳暂时失业者的公共工程中工作，或是在矿井中的义务劳工队伍中工作。		72:5.11 (814.1) Labor is becoming more honorable on this continent, and all able-bodied citizens over eighteen work either at home and on farms, at some recognized industry, on the public works where the temporarily unemployed are absorbed, or else in the corps of compulsory laborers in the mines.
72:5.12 (814.2) 这些民众也在开始培养一种新形式的社会憎恶 -- 即对懒惰和不劳而获的憎恶。他们正在缓慢而确定地征服他们的机器。他们也曾一度为了政治自由斗争过，随后也曾为经济自由斗争过。现在，他们正进入到对二者的享受中，而除此之外，他们也正在开始学会享受他们好不容易得来的闲暇，这可用于逐步增长的自我实现。		72:5.12 (814.2) These people are also beginning to foster a new form of social disgust—disgust for both idleness and unearned wealth. Slowly but certainly they are conquering their machines. Once they, too, struggled for political liberty and subsequently for economic freedom. Now are they entering upon the enjoyment of both while in addition they are beginning to appreciate their well-earned leisure, which can be devoted to increased self-realization.
6. 养老保险 ^top		6. Old-Age Insurance ^top
72:6.1 (814.3) 这个国家正在竭力谋求用一种有尊严的官方保险类养老保险，来取代那种有损自尊类的施舍。这个国家为每个儿童提供教育，为每个成人提供一份工作；因此它可以成功地实施这样一种保险计划，来保护年老体弱者。		72:6.1 (814.3) This nation is making a determined effort to replace the self-respect-destroying type of charity by dignified government-insurance guarantees of security in old age. This nation provides every child an education and every man a job; therefore can it successfully carry out such an insurance scheme for the protection of the infirm and aged.
72:6.2 (814.4) 在这一民族中间，所有个人都必须在六十五岁时从有报酬的职位上退休，除非他们获得了州劳动局局长的特许，可以让他们一直工作到七十岁。这一年龄限制并不适用于公务员和哲学家。身体残疾者或永久瘫患者，根据地方管理机构的养老保险专员所副署的法院指令，可在任何年龄被置于退休名单上。		72:6.2 (814.4) Among this people all persons must retire from gainful pursuit at sixty-five unless they secure a permit from the state labor commissioner which will entitle them to remain at work until the age of seventy. This age limit does not apply to government servants or philosophers. The physically disabled or permanently crippled can be placed on the retired list at any age by court order countersigned by the pension commissioner of the regional government.
72:6.3 (814.5) 养老保险的基金有四种来源：		72:6.3 (814.5) The funds for old-age pensions are derived from four sources:
72:6.4 (814.6) 1. 联邦管理机构所要求的、针对此用途的每月一天的收入，而在这个国家每个人都要工作。		72:6.4 (814.6) 1. One day’s earnings each month are requisitioned by the federal government for this purpose, and in this country everybody works.
72:6.5 (814.7) 2. 遗赠 -- 许多富有的公民会将基金用于此用途。		72:6.5 (814.7) 2. Bequests—many wealthy citizens leave funds for this purpose.
72:6.6 (814.8) 3. 在国家矿井中义务劳动的收入。在应征工人养活自己并留出他们自己的退休捐献之后，他们劳动的所有超额收益都被转入这一养老基金。		72:6.6 (814.8) 3. The earnings of compulsory labor in the state mines. After the conscript workers support themselves and set aside their own retirement contributions, all excess profits on their labor are turned over to this pension fund.
72:6.7 (814.9) 4. 来自自然资源的收入。这个大陆上的所有自然财富，都是作为一种社会信托，由联邦管理机构所持有。从中得来的收入要用于社会用途，例如疾病防治、英才教育，以及在政治才能学院中为尤为有前途的个人所支出的费用。来自自然资源收入的一半，会进入到养老基金。		72:6.7 (814.9) 4. The income from natural resources. All natural wealth on the continent is held as a social trust by the federal government, and the income therefrom is utilized for social purposes, such as disease prevention, education of geniuses, and expenses of especially promising individuals in the statesmanship schools. One half of the income from natural resources goes to the old-age pension fund.
72:6.8 (814.10) 尽管国家和地方保险精算基金会提供了多种形式的保护性保险，但养老保险，只能由联邦管理机构通过其十个地方部门来单独管理。		72:6.8 (814.10) Although state and regional actuarial foundations supply many forms of protective insurance, old-age pensions are solely administered by the federal government through the ten regional departments.
72:6.9 (814.11) 长期以来，这些管理机构基金一直被公正地管理着。对于公众信托的背叛，将由法庭处以仅次于叛国和谋杀罪的最为严重惩罚。现在，对社会和政治上的不忠诚，被看作所有犯罪中最为人所不齿的。		72:6.9 (814.11) These government funds have long been honestly administered. Next to treason and murder, the heaviest penalties meted out by the courts are attached to betrayal of public trust. Social and political disloyalty are now looked upon as being the most heinous of all crimes.
7. 税制 ^top		7. Taxation ^top
72:7.1 (815.1) 只有在管理养老保险和培养英才及原创性方面，联邦管理机构才是家长作风的；州管理机构更关注于个体公民，而地方管理机构则更为家长作风，或是社会主义性的。城市（或其中某个分区）则更关注于像健康、卫生、建筑规范、美化、供水、照明、采暖、娱乐、音乐和通讯这些事务。		72:7.1 (815.1) The federal government is paternalistic only in the administration of old-age pensions and in the fostering of genius and creative originality; the state governments are slightly more concerned with the individual citizen, while the local governments are much more paternalistic or socialistic. The city (or some subdivision thereof) concerns itself with such matters as health, sanitation, building regulations, beautification, water supply, lighting, heating, recreation, music, and communication.
72:7.2 (815.2) 在所有产业中，首先注意的是健康；特定方面的身体健康，被视为产业和社区的特权，但个人和家庭的健康问题则仅是个人关注的事情。在医疗方面，就像在所有其它纯私人事务一样，管理机构正越来越多地避免干预。		72:7.2 (815.2) In all industry first attention is paid to health; certain phases of physical well-being are regarded as industrial and community prerogatives, but individual and family health problems are matters of personal concern only. In medicine, as in all other purely personal matters, it is increasingly the plan of government to refrain from interfering.
72:7.3 (815.3) 城市没有征税的权力，它们也不能负债。它们会从州财政局接受人均补贴，也须从其社会主义型企业的收益中补充这类所得，还可通过批准各种商业活动来补充该所得。		72:7.3 (815.3) Cities have no taxing power, neither can they go in debt. They receive per capita allowances from the state treasury and must supplement such revenue from the earnings of their socialistic enterprises and by licensing various commercial activities.
72:7.4 (815.4) 使城市界限大幅拓展成为现实的高速运输设施，都在市政的控制之下。城市消防部门是由防火和保险基金来支持的，所有的建筑物，不管是在城市还是在农村，都是防火性的 -- 这已经保持七十五年以上了。		72:7.4 (815.4) The rapid-transit facilities, which make it practical greatly to extend the city boundaries, are under municipal control. The city fire departments are supported by the fire-prevention and insurance foundations, and all buildings, in city or country, are fireproof—have been for over seventy-five years.
72:7.5 (815.5) 市政上并不设置治安人员；警力是由州管理机构所保持的。这一部门几乎都是从二十五岁到五十岁之间的未婚男性中招募来的。大多数州都会制定一个相当重的单身税，它对于所有加入州警队的男人来说是可以免除的。在一般的州里，现在的警力只有五十年前的十分之一。		72:7.5 (815.5) There are no municipally appointed peace officers; the police forces are maintained by the state governments. This department is recruited almost entirely from the unmarried men between twenty-five and fifty. Most of the states assess a rather heavy bachelor tax, which is remitted to all men joining the state police. In the average state the police force is now only one tenth as large as it was fifty years ago.
72:7.6 (815.6) 一百个相对自由而独立的州所拥有的税收体制几乎没有或者说根本没有一致性，因为经济及其它条件在该大陆的不同分区之间差别甚大。每个州都有十条基本的宪法条款，它们除了经过联邦最高法院同意以外都不可以改动，这些条款中有一条，就是防止在任何一年对任何地产之价值征收多于百分之一的税。住宅基地，不管是在城市还是农村，都是免税的。		72:7.6 (815.6) There is little or no uniformity among the taxation schemes of the one hundred comparatively free and sovereign states as economic and other conditions vary greatly in different sections of the continent. Every state has ten basic constitutional provisions which cannot be modified except by consent of the federal supreme court, and one of these articles prevents levying a tax of more than one per cent on the value of any property in any one year, homesites, whether in city or country, being exempted.
72:7.7 (815.7) 联邦管理机构不能负债，除非是为了战争目的，任何一个州在借债之前，需要四分之三的全民公决。由于联邦管理机构不能借债，一旦遇有战事，国防委员会就会被授权来向各个州募集资金，如果需要，还要征集人力和物力。但任何债务都不可以持续二十五年以上。		72:7.7 (815.7) The federal government cannot go in debt, and a three-fourths referendum is required before any state can borrow except for purposes of war. Since the federal government cannot incur debt, in the event of war the National Council of Defense is empowered to assess the states for money, as well as for men and materials, as it may be required. But no debt may run for more than twenty-five years.
72:7.8 (815.8) 用于支撑联邦管理机构的收入，有以下五个来源：		72:7.8 (815.8) Income to support the federal government is derived from the following five sources:
72:7.9 (815.9) 1. 进口税。所有的进口商品都要受制于一种旨在保护该大陆生活水平的关税。而这一生活水平远远高于这个星球上任何其它国家的生活水平。在产业议会的两院批准了负责经济事务的行政长官（这两个立法机构的联合委任者）的推荐之后，最高产业法院才会设定这些关税。上产院是由劳方所选出的，而下产院则是由资方所选出的。		72:7.9 (815.9) 1. Import duties. All imports are subject to a tariff designed to protect the standard of living on this continent, which is far above that of any other nation on the planet. These tariffs are set by the highest industrial court after both houses of the industrial congress have ratified the recommendations of the chief executive of economic affairs, who is the joint appointee of these two legislative bodies. The upper industrial house is elected by labor, the lower by capital.
72:7.10 (816.1) 2. 版税。联邦管理机构鼓励在十个地方实验机构的发明和原创，协助所有类型的英才 -- 艺术家、作家和科学家 -- 并保护他们的专利权。作为回报，管理机构会从所有这些发明和创造中收取一半的利润，不管它们是涉及机械、书籍、工艺、植物还是动物。		72:7.10 (816.1) 2. Royalties. The federal government encourages invention and original creations in the ten regional laboratories, assisting all types of geniuses—artists, authors, and scientists—and protecting their patents. In return the government takes one half the profits realized from all such inventions and creations, whether pertaining to machines, books, artistry, plants, or animals.
72:7.11 (816.2) 3. 遗产税。根据地产的大小及其它条件，联邦管理机构会征收一种累进的遗产税，税率从百分之一到百分之五十不等。		72:7.11 (816.2) 3. Inheritance tax. The federal government levies a graduated inheritance tax ranging from one to fifty per cent, depending on the size of an estate as well as on other conditions.
72:7.12 (816.3) 4. 军事装备。从租赁军事和海军装备用于商业和娱乐用途中，管理机构会赚取一笔相当可观的收入。		72:7.12 (816.3) 4. Military equipment. The government earns a considerable sum from the leasing of military and naval equipment for commercial and recreational usages.
72:7.13 (816.4) 5. 自然资源。来自自然资源的收入，在未被完全用于联邦国家宪法所指定的特定用途时，便会被转入国库当中。		72:7.13 (816.4) 5. Natural resources. The income from natural resources, when not fully required for the specific purposes designated in the charter of federal statehood, is turned into the national treasury.
72:7.14 (816.5) 除了由国防委员会征收的战争基金外，联邦拨款都是由上议院所发起，然后由下议院所同意，行政长官所批准，最后由一百人组成的联邦预算委员会所确认。这一委员会的成员由州长所提名，并经州议会所选出，任职二十四年，每过六年，其四分之一的成员要得以选出。每过六年，该机构以四分之三的选票通过，选出它的一个成员做主席，他由此而成为联邦财库的主管控制者。		72:7.14 (816.5) Federal appropriations, except war funds assessed by the National Council of Defense, are originated in the upper legislative house, concurred in by the lower house, approved by the chief executive, and finally validated by the federal budget commission of one hundred. The members of this commission are nominated by the state governors and elected by the state legislatures to serve for twenty-four years, one quarter being elected every six years. Every six years this body, by a three-fourths ballot, chooses one of its number as chief, and he thereby becomes director-controller of the federal treasury.
8. 专门的学院 ^top		8. The Special Colleges ^top
72:8.1 (816.6) 除了从五岁到十八岁的基本义务教育计划，还有以下的专门学院：		72:8.1 (816.6) In addition to the basic compulsory education program extending from the ages of five to eighteen, special schools are maintained as follows:
72:8.2 (816.7) 1. 政治才能学院。这些学院有三个级别：国家的、地方的和州立的。国家公共机关分为四个部门。第一个公共信托部门主要涉及国家管理，这一团体的所有官员，都必须是地方级和国家级政治才能学院的毕业者。从十所地方级政治才能学院当中之一毕业的个人，可在第二个部门中接受政治性、选举性或是委任性的职位；他们的信托关涉到地方行政和州管理机构方面的职责。第三个部门包含州的职责，这些官员只需具有州立政治才能学院的学位。第四个也就是最后一个官员部门，不需要持有政治才能学位，这些职位全是委任性的。它们代表着次要的助理、秘书及技术信托职位，这些职位是由各类具有行政管理能力的专业人士来履行的。		72:8.2 (816.7) 1. Statesmanship schools. These schools are of three classes: national, regional, and state. The public offices of the nation are grouped in four divisions. The first division of public trust pertains principally to the national administration, and all officeholders of this group must be graduates of both regional and national schools of statesmanship. Individuals may accept political, elective, or appointive office in the second division upon graduating from any one of the ten regional schools of statesmanship; their trusts concern responsibilities in the regional administration and the state governments. Division three includes state responsibilities, and such officials are only required to have state degrees of statesmanship. The fourth and last division of officeholders are not required to hold statesmanship degrees, such offices being wholly appointive. They represent minor positions of assistantship, secretaryships, and technical trusts which are discharged by the various learned professions functioning in governmental administrative capacities.
72:8.3 (816.8) 初等法院和州法院的法官，要具有州立政治才能学院的学位。有关社会、教育和产业事务的司法法院的法官，要持有地方级学院的学位。联邦最高法院的法官，则必须要持有所有这些政治才能学院的学位。		72:8.3 (816.8) Judges of the minor and state courts hold degrees from the state schools of statesmanship. Judges of the jurisdictional tribunals of social, educational, and industrial matters hold degrees from the regional schools. Judges of the federal supreme court must hold degrees from all these schools of statesmanship.
72:8.4 (817.1) 2. 哲学学院。这些学院附属于哲学殿堂，并或多或少地同作为一种公共职能的宗教联系在一起。		72:8.4 (817.1) 2. Schools of philosophy. These schools are affiliated with the temples of philosophy and are more or less associated with religion as a public function.
72:8.5 (817.2) 3. 科学院校。这些技术性的学院，与其说是与教育系统相协调的，倒不如说是与产业系统相协调的，它们分十五个类别来管理。		72:8.5 (817.2) 3. Institutions of science. These technical schools are co-ordinated with industry rather than with the educational system and are administered under fifteen divisions.
72:8.6 (817.3) 4. 职业培训学院。这些专门院校为各种专门的职业提供技术培训，共分十二个门类。		72:8.6 (817.3) 4. Professional training schools. These special institutions provide the technical training for the various learned professions, twelve in number.
72:8.7 (817.4) 5. 军事和海军学院。那些院校设置在国家司令部附近和二十五个沿海军事中心，致力于对十八岁到三十岁的志愿公民进行军事培训。想要在二十五岁之前进入这些学校，需要得到父母的同意。		72:8.7 (817.4) 5. Military and naval schools. Near the national headquarters and at the twenty-five coastal military centers are maintained those institutions devoted to the military training of volunteer citizens from eighteen to thirty years of age. Parental consent is required before twenty-five in order to gain entrance to these schools.
9. 普选的方案 ^top		9. The Plan of Universal Suffrage ^top
72:9.1 (817.5) 尽管所有公共机关的候选者都仅限于州立、地方或是联邦政治才能学院的毕业者，但这个国家的一些进步性领导人仍在他们的普选方案中发现了一个严重的弱点，并在大约五十年前，为选举的修正案做出了宪法规定，它包含了以下特色：		72:9.1 (817.5) Although candidates for all public offices are restricted to graduates of the state, regional, or federal schools of statesmanship, the progressive leaders of this nation discovered a serious weakness in their plan of universal suffrage and about fifty years ago made constitutional provision for a modified scheme of voting which embraces the following features:
72:9.2 (817.6) 1. 每个二十岁及以上年龄的男女，都拥有一票。一达到这个年龄，所有公民都必须要接受两个投票团体的成员身份：他们将依照其经济类职能 -- 即产业类、职业类、农业类或是贸易类而加入第一个；他们将依照其政治、哲学和社会倾向而加入第二个团体。所有的工人因此都属于某个经济类选举团体，这些协会也像那些非经济类协会一样，仿照三权分立的国家管理机构那样得以管理着。在这些团体中的注册，十二年内不许变更。		72:9.2 (817.6) 1. Every man and woman of twenty years and over has one vote. Upon attaining this age, all citizens must accept membership in two voting groups: They will join the first in accordance with their economic function—industrial, professional, agricultural, or trade; they will enter the second group according to their political, philosophic, and social inclinations. All workers thus belong to some economic franchise group, and these guilds, like the noneconomic associations, are regulated much as is the national government with its threefold division of powers. Registration in these groups cannot be changed for twelve years.
72:9.3 (817.7) 2. 经由州长或是地方行政长官提名，并经地方高级议会授权，为社会做出巨大服务的个人，或是在管理服务中显露出非凡智慧的人，可被授予额外的选票，频度不多于每五年一次，且不应被授予超过九次这样的超级投票权。任何一个拥有多张选票者的最大投票数是十张。科学家、发明家、教师、哲学家和灵性领袖由此因增强的政治权利而获得了认可和尊敬。这些先进的公民特权，是由州和地方高级议会所授予的，正如学位是由专门学院所授予的一样，接受者会非常自豪于将这种公民认可的象征，与其学位一起附加到其个人成就的清单中。		72:9.3 (817.7) 2. Upon nomination by the state governors or by the regional executives and by the mandate of the regional supreme councils, individuals who have rendered great service to society, or who have demonstrated extraordinary wisdom in government service, may have additional votes conferred upon them not oftener than every five years and not to exceed nine such superfranchises. The maximum suffrage of any multiple voter is ten. Scientists, inventors, teachers, philosophers, and spiritual leaders are also thus recognized and honored with augmented political power. These advanced civic privileges are conferred by the state and regional supreme councils much as degrees are bestowed by the special colleges, and the recipients are proud to attach the symbols of such civic recognition, along with their other degrees, to their lists of personal achievements.
72:9.4 (817.8) 3. 所有被判处在矿井中参加强制劳动的个人，及所有由税收基金支持的公务员，在相应服务期间内是没有选举权的。但这并不适用于在六十五岁靠养老金而退休的老年人。		72:9.4 (817.8) 3. All individuals sentenced to compulsory labor in the mines and all governmental servants supported by tax funds are, for the periods of such services, disenfranchised. This does not apply to aged persons who may be retired on pensions at sixty-five.
72:9.5 (817.9) 4. 选举权有五个等级，反映了每五年时期内每年平均缴的税。大量缴税者可有获得多达五张的额外选票。这一授权与所有其它认可无关，但在任何情况下每个人都不能投票超过十张。		72:9.5 (817.9) 4. There are five brackets of suffrage reflecting the average yearly taxes paid for each half-decade period. Heavy taxpayers are permitted extra votes up to five. This grant is independent of all other recognition, but in no case can any person cast over ten ballots.
72:9.6 (818.1) 5. 在这一选举方案被采纳时，地域性的选举方式被放弃了，这有利于经济或是职能体系。所有的公民现在都会作为产业类、社会类或职业类团体的成员而投票，无论他们住在哪里。因此，选民都是由坚定团结而又有才智的团体组成，他们只会选出其中最优秀的成员，去担当具有管理信托和职责的职位。这一职能性或是团体性选举方案只有一个例外：每六年一次的联邦首席行政长官选举，是靠全国范围投票的，任何公民只能投一票。		72:9.6 (818.1) 5. At the time this franchise plan was adopted, the territorial method of voting was abandoned in favor of the economic or functional system. All citizens now vote as members of industrial, social, or professional groups, regardless of their residence. Thus the electorate consists of solidified, unified, and intelligent groups who elect only their best members to positions of governmental trust and responsibility. There is one exception to this scheme of functional or group suffrage: The election of a federal chief executive every six years is by nation-wide ballot, and no citizen casts over one vote.
72:9.7 (818.2) 因此，除了首席行政长官的选举，选举是依照公民的经济性、职业性、才智性和社会性分组来运作的。理想的国家是有机的，而每个自由而又有才智的公民团体，都代表着更大管理机体内一个至关重要的运作器官。		72:9.7 (818.2) Thus, except in the election of the chief executive, suffrage is exercised by economic, professional, intellectual, and social groupings of the citizenry. The ideal state is organic, and every free and intelligent group of citizens represents a vital and functioning organ within the larger governmental organism.
72:9.8 (818.3) 政治才能学院有权就剥夺任一有缺陷、懒惰、冷漠或者犯罪个人的选举权在州法院提起诉讼。这些民众认识到，当一个国家的百分之五十人口是低劣的或是有缺陷的，并且拥有选票的话，那这样一个国家在劫难逃。他们相信，平庸者的主导意味着国家的衰败。选举是强制性的，所有未能投票的人都将被征收高额罚款。		72:9.8 (818.3) The schools of statesmanship have power to start proceedings in the state courts looking toward the disenfranchisement of any defective, idle, indifferent, or criminal individual. These people recognize that, when fifty per cent of a nation is inferior or defective and possesses the ballot, such a nation is doomed. They believe the dominance of mediocrity spells the downfall of any nation. Voting is compulsory, heavy fines being assessed against all who fail to cast their ballots.
10. 处理犯罪 ^top		10. Dealing with Crime ^top
72:10.1 (818.4) 这个民族在处理犯罪、精神错乱和堕落方面的方法，虽然在某些方面对大多数玉苒厦人(Urantian)来说是合意的，但在另一些方面则无疑显得令人震惊。普通的罪犯和有缺陷者，会按性别不同被安置在不同的农业聚居地当中，且多半是自给的。更为严重的惯犯和无法治愈的精神错乱者，会由法庭判处在致命性毒气室中处死。除谋杀之外的许多犯罪，包括对管理信托的背叛，也要执行死刑，公平的处罚是确切而迅速的。		72:10.1 (818.4) The methods of this people in dealing with crime, insanity, and degeneracy, while in some ways pleasing, will, no doubt, in others prove shocking to most Urantians. Ordinary criminals and the defectives are placed, by sexes, in different agricultural colonies and are more than self-supporting. The more serious habitual criminals and the incurably insane are sentenced to death in the lethal gas chambers by the courts. Numerous crimes aside from murder, including betrayal of governmental trust, also carry the death penalty, and the visitation of justice is sure and swift.
72:10.2 (818.5) 这些民众正从消极性的法律时代迈进到积极性的法律时代中。近来，他们就试图防止犯罪竟已走到了这样一步，即判处那些被认为是潜在杀人犯和主要犯罪者的人，终身在羁押类聚居地服务。如果这些犯人在后来表明他们已变得更为正常，那么他们就可以被假释或是被赦免。这个大陆上的杀人犯罪率只有其它国家的百分之一。		72:10.2 (818.5) These people are passing out of the negative into the positive era of law. Recently they have gone so far as to attempt the prevention of crime by sentencing those who are believed to be potential murderers and major criminals to life service in the detention colonies. If such convicts subsequently demonstrate that they have become more normal, they may be either paroled or pardoned. The homicide rate on this continent is only one per cent of that among the other nations.
72:10.3 (818.6) 早在一百多年以前，防止生育罪犯和有缺陷者的努力就开始了，并已取得了可喜的结果。那里没有任何收容精神错乱者的监狱或是医院。原因只有一个，这些群体只有玉苒厦(Urantia)所存同样群体的百分之十左右。		72:10.3 (818.6) Efforts to prevent the breeding of criminals and defectives were begun over one hundred years ago and have already yielded gratifying results. There are no prisons or hospitals for the insane. For one reason, there are only about ten per cent as many of these groups as are found on Urantia.
11. 军备 ^top		11. Military Preparedness ^top
72:11.1 (818.7) 联邦军事学院的毕业者，依照其能力和经验，可被国防委员会主席委任为七个级别上的“文明守护者”。该委员会由二十五名成员组成，由最高家事法院、教育法院和产业法院所提名，由联邦最高法院所确认，并由协调军务的参谋长依职掌管。这些成员一直服役到七十岁。		72:11.1 (818.7) Graduates of the federal military schools may be commissioned as “guardians of civilization” in seven ranks, in accordance with ability and experience, by the president of the National Council of Defense. This council consists of twenty-five members, nominated by the highest parental, educational, and industrial tribunals, confirmed by the federal supreme court, and presided over ex officio by the chief of staff of co-ordinated military affairs. Such members serve until they are seventy years of age.
72:11.2 (819.1) 这些获委任的官员所学习的课程为期四年，且总是与掌握某种行业或职业相关联。军事培训总是伴随着这种相关的产业、科学或职业教育而给予的。当军事培训结束时，该个人已在其四年课程期间，接受了任一专门学院中所给予教育的一半，这些学院的课程同样也是为期四年。通过在确保前半段技能职业培训的同时而为一大批男人提供这种机会，这样就避免了一个职业军事课程的创建。		72:11.2 (819.1) The courses pursued by such commissioned officers are four years in length and are invariably correlated with the mastery of some trade or profession. Military training is never given without this associated industrial, scientific, or professional schooling. When military training is finished, the individual has, during his four years’ course, received one half of the education imparted in any of the special schools where the courses are likewise four years in length. In this way the creation of a professional military class is avoided by providing this opportunity for a large number of men to support themselves while securing the first half of a technical or professional training.
72:11.3 (819.2) 和平时期的兵役完全是自愿的，所有兵役的期限都是四年，在此期间，除了对军事谋略的掌握以外，每个人都会追求某一专门知识领域的学习。在音乐方面的培训，也是中央军事院校和二十五所分布在大陆周边的培训营地的主要科目之一。在产业萧条期，数以万计的失业者会自动被用来构建该大陆的海陆空军事防御设施。		72:11.3 (819.2) Military service during peacetime is purely voluntary, and the enlistments in all branches of the service are for four years, during which every man pursues some special line of study in addition to the mastery of military tactics. Training in music is one of the chief pursuits of the central military schools and of the twenty-five training camps distributed about the periphery of the continent. During periods of industrial slackness many thousands of unemployed are automatically utilized in upbuilding the military defenses of the continent on land and sea and in the air.
72:11.4 (819.3) 尽管这些民众维持着一个强有力的战时编制，作为一种防御周围敌对民族入侵的措施，但或许应归功于他们的是，在一百多年的时间内，他们从未将这些军事资源应用到一场进攻性战争中。他们已经文明化到了那样一种程度，以至他们可以有力地捍卫其文明，而无须屈服于诱惑去利用其战力发动侵略。自从这个统一的大陆国家建立以来，就从未有过内战，但在过去两个世纪中，这些民众被号召起来进行了九次激烈的防御战，其中有三次是对抗强大的世界大国联盟。尽管这个国家有足够的防御来抵抗敌对邻国的攻击，但它却把更多的注意力放在了对政治家、科学家和哲学家的培养上。		72:11.4 (819.3) Although these people maintain a powerful war establishment as a defense against invasion by the surrounding hostile peoples, it may be recorded to their credit that they have not in over one hundred years employed these military resources in an offensive war. They have become civilized to that point where they can vigorously defend civilization without yielding to the temptation to utilize their war powers in aggression. There have been no civil wars since the establishment of the united continental state, but during the last two centuries these people have been called upon to wage nine fierce defensive conflicts, three of which were against mighty confederations of world powers. Although this nation maintains adequate defense against attack by hostile neighbors, it pays far more attention to the training of statesmen, scientists, and philosophers.
72:11.5 (819.4) 当与世界和平共处时，所有的机动防御装置全都被充分运用到了贸易、商业和娱乐中。一旦宣战，整个国家都会被动员起来。在整个的战争期间，军事开支来源于各行各业，所有军事部门的首领都会成为首席行政长官的内阁成员。		72:11.5 (819.4) When at peace with the world, all mobile defense mechanisms are quite fully employed in trade, commerce, and recreation. When war is declared, the entire nation is mobilized. Throughout the period of hostilities military pay obtains in all industries, and the chiefs of all military departments become members of the chief executive’s cabinet.
12. 其它国家 ^top		12. The Other Nations ^top
72:12.1 (819.5) 尽管这个独特民族的社会和管理机构在许多方面都优于那些玉苒厦(Urantia)的那些，但应当指出的是，在其它大陆上（这个星球共有十一个大陆）的管理机构都明显劣于玉苒厦的较先进国家。		72:12.1 (819.5) Although the society and government of this unique people are in many respects superior to those of the Urantia nations, it should be stated that on the other continents (there are eleven on this planet) the governments are decidedly inferior to the more advanced nations of Urantia.
72:12.2 (819.6) 眼下，这个优越的管理机构正在筹划同各个低劣民族建立大使级关系，也是第一次，一个伟大的宗教领袖产生了，他倡导把传教士派往这些周边国家。我们担心他们即将犯其他许多人曾经犯过的错误，后者在试图把一种优越的教化和宗教强加到其它民族身上时犯过这种错。如果这个拥有先进教化的大陆国家，只是走出去而将其邻近民族中的佼佼者带回来，接着在教育完他们后，将其作为教化的使者派回到其蒙昧的同胞中间，那么这将会是该世界上所能做成的一件多么美妙的事情啊！当然，如果一位执法之子要是很快就来到这个先进的国家，那么许多伟大的事情就可以很快发生在这个世界上了。		72:12.2 (819.6) Just now this superior government is planning to establish ambassadorial relations with the inferior peoples, and for the first time a great religious leader has arisen who advocates the sending of missionaries to these surrounding nations. We fear they are about to make the mistake that so many others have made when they have endeavored to force a superior culture and religion upon other races. What a wonderful thing could be done on this world if this continental nation of advanced culture would only go out and bring to itself the best of the neighboring peoples and then, after educating them, send them back as emissaries of culture to their benighted brethren! Of course, if a Magisterial Son should soon come to this advanced nation, great things could quickly happen on this world.
72:12.3 (820.1) 这篇对邻近行星各类事务的陈述是经专门许可而做出的，目的在于推动玉苒厦(Urantia)的文明，并加强其管理机构的演进。我们可以讲述更多，它们无疑会引起和激发玉苒厦人(Urantian)的兴趣，但该篇披露已涵盖了我们所获授权的范围。		72:12.3 (820.1) This recital of the affairs of a neighboring planet is made by special permission with the intent of advancing civilization and augmenting governmental evolution on Urantia. Much more could be narrated that would no doubt interest and intrigue Urantians, but this disclosure covers the limits of our permissive mandate.
72:12.4 (820.2) 然而，玉苒厦人(Urantian)要注意的是，其撒旦尼亚家族中的姊妹星球，未曾获益于天堂圣子们的执法或赠与使命。而玉苒厦(Urantia)的各个民族，也未曾因该大陆国家与其同行星同伴分开的教化差异而彼此隔开。		72:12.4 (820.2) Urantians should, however, take note that their sister sphere in the Satania family has benefited by neither magisterial nor bestowal missions of the Paradise Sons. Neither are the various peoples of Urantia set off from each other by such disparity of culture as separates the continental nation from its planetary fellows.
72:12.5 (820.3) 真理之灵的倾出，为符合这个赠与世界人类利益之伟大成就的实现，奠定了灵性的基础。因此，玉苒厦(Urantia)为一个拥有其法律、机制、信条、惯例及语言的行星管理机构之及早实现，做了更好的准备 -- 所有这一切，都会大大有助于法治下的普世和平，并终将引向一个真正灵性奋斗时代的发端；而这样一个时代，将会是这个行星通往光与生命之理想化时代的入口。		72:12.5 (820.3) The pouring out of the Spirit of Truth provides the spiritual foundation for the realization of great achievements in the interests of the human race of the bestowal world. Urantia is therefore far better prepared for the more immediate realization of a planetary government with its laws, mechanisms, symbols, conventions, and language—all of which could contribute so mightily to the establishment of world-wide peace under law and could lead to the sometime dawning of a real age of spiritual striving; and such an age is the planetary threshold to the utopian ages of light and life.
72:12.6 (820.4) [由内巴顿(Nebadon)的一位麦基洗德所呈献。]		72:12.6 (820.4) [Presented by a Melchizedek of Nebadon.]