第173篇		Paper 173
周一在耶路撒冷		Monday in Jerusalem
173:0.1 (1888.1) 在这个周一清早，经过预先安排，耶稣和使徒们在伯大尼的西蒙家中聚集，在简要的商讨之后，他们出发去耶路撒冷。当他们朝圣殿前行时，十二人出奇的沉默；他们还未从先前一天的经历中恢复过来。他们是有期待的、担心的，还受到某种超脱感的深刻影响，这出自于主的突然策略改变，外加他指示他们在这一整个逾越节期间不要从事任何公众教导。		173:0.1 (1888.1) EARLY on this Monday morning, by prearrangement, Jesus and the apostles assembled at the home of Simon in Bethany, and after a brief conference they set out for Jerusalem. The twelve were strangely silent as they journeyed on toward the temple; they had not recovered from the experience of the preceding day. They were expectant, fearful, and profoundly affected by a certain feeling of detachment growing out of the Master’s sudden change of tactics, coupled with his instruction that they were to engage in no public teaching throughout this Passover week.
173:0.2 (1888.2) 当这群人从橄榄山下来时，耶稣带路，使徒们怀着沉思默想紧随其后。在除了犹大·以斯加略以外的所有人的心智中，就只有一个最重要的想法，那就是：主今天要做什么？犹大的一个十分专注想法是：我该做什么？我该继续与耶稣和我的同伴们一起走，还是我该退出？若我要退出，我该如何断绝？		173:0.2 (1888.2) As this group journeyed down Mount Olivet, Jesus led the way, the apostles following closely behind in meditative silence. There was just one thought uppermost in the minds of all save Judas Iscariot, and that was: What will the Master do today? The one absorbing thought of Judas was: What shall I do? Shall I go on with Jesus and my associates, or shall I withdraw? And if I am going to quit, how shall I break off?
173:0.3 (1888.3) 在这个美好早上的大约九点钟，这些人抵达了圣殿。他们立即去往耶稣经常教导的大庭院，在问候了等待他们的信奉者之后，耶稣爬上一个教导平台，并开始向聚集的人群致辞。使徒们则后退一小段距离，等候事态发展。		173:0.3 (1888.3) It was about nine o’clock on this beautiful morning when these men arrived at the temple. They went at once to the large court where Jesus so often taught, and after greeting the believers who were awaiting him, Jesus mounted one of the teaching platforms and began to address the gathering crowd. The apostles withdrew for a short distance and awaited developments.
1. 清理圣殿 ^top		1. Cleansing the Temple ^top
173:1.1 (1888.4) 一种巨大的商业贸易，伴随圣殿崇拜的服务和仪式而逐渐形成。有为各种祭献提供合适动物的生意。尽管一个崇拜者提供其自己的祭物是获许的，事实依然是，这一动物必须免于利未人律法意义上的、以及如圣殿官方检察员所阐释的所有“瑕疵”。许多崇拜者经历了他所认为的完美动物被圣殿检察员拒绝的羞辱。因此在圣殿购买祭献动物变成一种更为普遍的做法，尽管在橄榄山附近有几处驻地可以买到它们，但直接从圣殿围栏中买这些动物却已变成了时尚。逐渐地，就形成了这种在圣殿庭院中购买祭献动物的习俗。由此，一种巨大利益产生于其中的广泛生意得以形成了。这些收益的一部分被保留用于圣殿财库，不过较大部分则直接进入掌管的大祭司家族手中。		173:1.1 (1888.4) A huge commercial traffic had grown up in association with the services and ceremonies of the temple worship. There was the business of providing suitable animals for the various sacrifices. Though it was permissible for a worshiper to provide his own sacrifice, the fact remained that this animal must be free from all “blemish” in the meaning of the Levitical law and as interpreted by official inspectors of the temple. Many a worshiper had experienced the humiliation of having his supposedly perfect animal rejected by the temple examiners. It therefore became the more general practice to purchase sacrificial animals at the temple, and although there were several stations on near-by Olivet where they could be bought, it had become the vogue to buy these animals directly from the temple pens. Gradually there had grown up this custom of selling all kinds of sacrificial animals in the temple courts. An extensive business, in which enormous profits were made, had thus been brought into existence. Part of these gains was reserved for the temple treasury, but the larger part went indirectly into the hands of the ruling high-priestly families.
173:1.2 (1888.5) 这种动物在圣殿中的出售之所以兴盛，是因为当崇拜者购买这种动物时，尽管价格或许有点高，但却不必再付任何费用，而且他可以确定想要的祭物不会基于拥有真的或专造的瑕疵而被拒绝。时常平民被实行了过高的要价体系，尤其在大的民族节日期间。一度贪婪的祭司们要求一个周的劳作价值之等价物来付一对鸽子，它们本应几便士卖给穷人。“亚那的子孙”已开始在圣殿周围地区建立他们的集市，那些商品集市持续到圣殿自身毁灭之前三年最终被一群暴民推翻之时。		173:1.2 (1888.5) This sale of animals in the temple prospered because, when the worshiper purchased such an animal, although the price might be somewhat high, no more fees had to be paid, and he could be sure the intended sacrifice would not be rejected on the ground of possessing real or technical blemishes. At one time or another systems of exorbitant overcharge were practiced upon the common people, especially during the great national feasts. At one time the greedy priests went so far as to demand the equivalent of the value of a week’s labor for a pair of doves which should have been sold to the poor for a few pennies. The “sons of Annas” had already begun to establish their bazaars in the temple precincts, those very merchandise marts which persisted to the time of their final overthrow by a mob three years before the destruction of the temple itself.
173:1.3 (1889.1) 不过祭献动物和各式各样商品上的交易，并非是圣殿庭院被亵渎的唯一方式。此时有一种广泛的银行和商业兑换体系被培育起来，它就在圣殿周围地区得以进行。这一切以下列方式产生：在艾斯蒙尼王朝期间，犹太人铸造了他们自己的银币，要求半舍克勒的圣殿税和所有其他圣殿费用都以这种犹太钱币支付成了惯例。这一规定迫使钱币兑换人获得许可来将整个巴勒斯坦和罗马帝国其他省份中流通的许多种货币兑换成这种犹太人铸造的正统舍克勒。除了女人、奴隶和未成年人以外，所有人都要付的圣殿人头税是半舍克勒，一种大约是十分硬币大小、但却两倍厚的钱币。到耶稣的时代，祭司们也免于付圣殿税了。相应地，逾越节之前那月从15日到25日，获官方认可的钱币兑换人在巴勒斯坦主要城市搭起他们的货摊，用于给犹太民众提供适当钱币，以在他们抵达耶路撒冷后缴纳圣殿税。在这十天时期之后，这些钱币兑换人继续去往耶路撒冷，继而在圣殿庭院中搭起兑换桌。他们获许索取三到四分的等价物来兑换定价大约十分的钱币，倘若一枚具有更大价值的钱币提交用来兑换，他们获许收取双倍费用。这些圣殿银行家同样也从所有想要用于购买祭献动物、支付许愿和制作供物的钱币兑换中获得利益。		173:1.3 (1889.1) But traffic in sacrificial animals and sundry merchandise was not the only way in which the courts of the temple were profaned. At this time there was fostered an extensive system of banking and commercial exchange which was carried on right within the temple precincts. And this all came about in the following manner: During the Asmonean dynasty the Jews coined their own silver money, and it had become the practice to require the temple dues of one-half shekel and all other temple fees to be paid with this Jewish coin. This regulation necessitated that money-changers be licensed to exchange the many sorts of currency in circulation throughout Palestine and other provinces of the Roman Empire for this orthodox shekel of Jewish coining. The temple head tax, payable by all except women, slaves, and minors, was one-half shekel, a coin about the size of a ten-cent piece but twice as thick. By the times of Jesus the priests had also been exempted from the payment of temple dues. Accordingly, from the 15th to the 25th of the month preceding the Passover, accredited money-changers erected their booths in the principal cities of Palestine for the purpose of providing the Jewish people with proper money to meet the temple dues after they had reached Jerusalem. After this ten-day period these money-changers moved on to Jerusalem and proceeded to set up their exchange tables in the courts of the temple. They were permitted to charge the equivalent of from three to four cents commission for the exchange of a coin valued at about ten cents, and in case a coin of larger value was offered for exchange, they were allowed to collect double. Likewise did these temple bankers profit from the exchange of all money intended for the purchase of sacrificial animals and for the payment of vows and the making of offerings.
173:1.4 (1889.2) 这些圣殿钱币兑换人不仅为了从造访朝圣者周期性带来耶路撒冷的二十多种钱币的兑换中获利而进行定期的银行生意，他们也从事其他各种与银行生意相关的交易。圣殿财库和圣殿掌管者们从这些商业活动中极大获利，圣殿财库持有多于千万元，而平民则在贫困中挣扎并继续支付这些不公的税款，这是司空见惯的。		173:1.4 (1889.2) These temple money-changers not only conducted a regular banking business for profit in the exchange of more than twenty sorts of money which the visiting pilgrims would periodically bring to Jerusalem, but they also engaged in all other kinds of transactions pertaining to the banking business. Both the temple treasury and the temple rulers profited tremendously from these commercial activities. It was not uncommon for the temple treasury to hold upwards of ten million dollars while the common people languished in poverty and continued to pay these unjust levies.
173:1.5 (1889.3) 在这群由钱币兑换人、商人和牲畜贩卖人组成的集合体中间，耶稣在这个周一早上试图教导天国福音。他并非独自憎恨这种对圣殿的亵渎；平民，尤其是来自外省的犹太人造访者，也由衷憎恨这种对他们民族崇拜堂的暴利性亵渎。在此时，犹太教公会自身在一个被所有这种贸易和以物易物的嘈杂声和混乱声中围绕的会议室中举行其定期会议。		173:1.5 (1889.3) In the midst of this noisy aggregation of money-changers, merchandisers, and cattle sellers, Jesus, on this Monday morning, attempted to teach the gospel of the heavenly kingdom. He was not alone in resenting this profanation of the temple; the common people, especially the Jewish visitors from foreign provinces, also heartily resented this profiteering desecration of their national house of worship. At this time the Sanhedrin itself held its regular meetings in a chamber surrounded by all this babble and confusion of trade and barter.
173:1.6 (1890.1) 当耶稣就要开始他的致辞时，两件事情碰巧引起了他的注意。在一个附近兑换人的钱桌边，一场炽热猛烈的争论因一个来自亚历山大的犹太人声称的过度要价而引发，与此同时，空气被一群正被从动物围栏一个区域赶向另一区域的一百多头公牛的吼叫声撕裂了。当耶稣暂停，默默却又深思地注视这个商业混乱场景，他看到附近一个心智简单的加利利人、他一度在艾恩有过交往的人，正被目空一切、自认优越的犹地亚人嘲笑和推搡；所有这一切结合起来，在耶稣灵魂中产生了那些愤怒情绪奇怪而又周期性爆发中的一次。		173:1.6 (1890.1) As Jesus was about to begin his address, two things happened to arrest his attention. At the money table of a near-by exchanger a violent and heated argument had arisen over the alleged overcharging of a Jew from Alexandria, while at the same moment the air was rent by the bellowing of a drove of some one hundred bullocks which was being driven from one section of the animal pens to another. As Jesus paused, silently but thoughtfully contemplating this scene of commerce and confusion, close by he beheld a simple-minded Galilean, a man he had once talked with in Iron, being ridiculed and jostled about by supercilious and would-be superior Judeans; and all of this combined to produce one of those strange and periodic uprisings of indignant emotion in the soul of Jesus.
173:1.7 (1890.2) 令站在附近、避免参与如此快接着发生之事的使徒们惊愕的是，耶稣从教导平台走下，去到正在赶牛群通过庭院的少年身边，从他那儿夺走绳鞭，快速将动物赶出了圣殿。不过那还不是一切，在聚集在圣殿庭院的成千人的好奇目光下，他威严地迈步走向最远的牲畜围栏，继而打开每个畜栏的门，赶出被圈养的动物。到此时聚集的朝圣者们被触动了，伴随吵闹呼喊，他们移向集市，开始推翻钱币兑换人的桌子。在不到五分钟内，所有贸易都被从圣殿清扫出去了。到附近罗马人卫兵出现在现场之时，一切都安静下来，人群变得有序了；耶稣返回到讲台，对群众说：“你们今日见证了圣经中所写：‘我的殿堂应被称为万族祈祷的殿堂，但你们却将它变成了贼窝。’”		173:1.7 (1890.2) To the amazement of his apostles, standing near at hand, who refrained from participation in what so soon followed, Jesus stepped down from the teaching platform and, going over to the lad who was driving the cattle through the court, took from him his whip of cords and swiftly drove the animals from the temple. But that was not all; he strode majestically before the wondering gaze of the thousands assembled in the temple court to the farthest cattle pen and proceeded to open the gates of every stall and to drive out the imprisoned animals. By this time the assembled pilgrims were electrified, and with uproarious shouting they moved toward the bazaars and began to overturn the tables of the money-changers. In less than five minutes all commerce had been swept from the temple. By the time the near-by Roman guards had appeared on the scene, all was quiet, and the crowds had become orderly; Jesus, returning to the speaker’s stand, spoke to the multitude: “You have this day witnessed that which is written in the Scriptures: ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer for all nations, but you have made it a den of robbers.’”
173:1.8 (1890.3) 不过在他能说出别的话语之前，大众就爆发出和散那的赞美声，不久，一群青少年从人群中出来，唱起感激的赞美诗，那些亵渎和谋取暴利的商人已从神圣圣殿中被逐出了。到此时为止，某些祭司已到达了现场，他们当中有一个对耶稣说，“你难道没听到利未人的子孙所说吗？”主回答，“你难道没从未读过，‘出于婴儿和吃奶人口中的赞美得以完全了吗’？”那天的所有余下时间，在耶稣教导的同时，布置在民众旁边的卫兵站立守卫每个拱门，他们甚至不想让任何一个人带着空罐穿过圣殿庭院。		173:1.8 (1890.3) But before he could utter other words, the great assembly broke out in hosannas of praise, and presently a throng of youths stepped out from the crowd to sing grateful hymns of appreciation that the profane and profiteering merchandisers had been ejected from the sacred temple. By this time certain of the priests had arrived on the scene, and one of them said to Jesus, “Do you not hear what the children of the Levites say?” And the Master replied, “Have you never read, ‘Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings has praise been perfected’?” And all the rest of that day while Jesus taught, guards set by the people stood watch at every archway, and they would not permit anyone to carry even an empty vessel across the temple courts.
173:1.9 (1890.4) 当主祭司和文士们听到关于这些事情的内容，他们目瞪口呆了。他们越害怕主，他们越决意要毁灭他。不过他们却猝不及防。他们不知如何令他死，因为他们极为害怕群众，这些人此时非如此率直赞成他推翻亵渎的谋取暴利者。这一整天，在圣殿庭院中充满了宁静与和平的一天，人们倾听耶稣的教导，并真正牢记他的话语。		173:1.9 (1890.4) When the chief priests and the scribes heard about these happenings, they were dumfounded. All the more they feared the Master, and all the more they determined to destroy him. But they were nonplused. They did not know how to accomplish his death, for they greatly feared the multitudes, who were now so outspoken in their approval of his overthrow of the profane profiteers. And all this day, a day of quiet and peace in the temple courts, the people heard Jesus’ teaching and literally hung on his words.
173:1.10 (1890.5) 耶稣这一令人惊奇的行动超出了使徒们的理解。他们因他们的主这一突然而又意想不到的举动大吃一惊，以致他们在这整个插曲中留在讲台附近挤在一起；他们从未抬起手来推进这场对圣殿的清理。若这一壮观事件发生在之前一天，当耶稣在穿过城门的吵闹行进结尾凯旋抵达圣殿之时，在群众一直的大声称赞中，他们或许做好准备了，不过当它的确到来时，他们却完全未准备好参与。		173:1.10 (1890.5) This surprising act of Jesus was beyond the comprehension of his apostles. They were so taken aback by this sudden and unexpected move of their Master that they remained throughout the whole episode huddled together near the speaker’s stand; they never lifted a hand to further this cleansing of the temple. If this spectacular event had occurred the day before, at the time of Jesus’ triumphal arrival at the temple at the termination of his tumultuous procession through the gates of the city, all the while loudly acclaimed by the multitude, they would have been ready for it, but coming as it did, they were wholly unprepared to participate.
173:1.11 (1891.1) 对圣殿的这场清理揭示了主对商业化宗教做法的态度，以及他对以穷人和无文化者为代价所有形式的不公和谋取暴利的憎恶。这一插曲也展示了耶稣并未怀着赞成看待拒绝采用武力来使任一给定人群中的大多数人免受那些可能在政治、金融或教会权力背后巩固自身的不义少数人不公平和奴役性的做法。精明、邪恶和狡猾的人们不被允许组织起来，去剥削和压迫那些由于自身的理想主义而未打算诉诸武力寻求自我保护或寻求推动他们值得赞赏的生活计划之人。		173:1.11 (1891.1) This cleansing of the temple discloses the Master’s attitude toward commercializing the practices of religion as well as his detestation of all forms of unfairness and profiteering at the expense of the poor and the unlearned. This episode also demonstrates that Jesus did not look with approval upon the refusal to employ force to protect the majority of any given human group against the unfair and enslaving practices of unjust minorities who may be able to entrench themselves behind political, financial, or ecclesiastical power. Shrewd, wicked, and designing men are not to be permitted to organize themselves for the exploitation and oppression of those who, because of their idealism, are not disposed to resort to force for self-protection or for the furtherance of their laudable life projects.
2. 挑战主的权威 ^top		2. Challenging the Master’s Authority ^top
173:2.1 (1891.2) 周日凯旋进入耶路撒冷，如此令犹太人领袖们敬畏，以致他们避免逮捕耶稣。今日，对圣殿的这场壮观清理同样有效延迟了主的逮捕。日复一日，犹太人掌管者们变得越来越决意要毁灭他，不过他们被两种恐惧弄得心烦意乱，这凑巧耽搁了突击的时刻。主祭司和文士不愿公开逮捕耶稣，担心群众或许怀着满腔憎恨突然攻击他们；他们也惧怕罗马卫兵被召唤来镇压公众起义的可能性。		173:2.1 (1891.2) On Sunday the triumphal entry into Jerusalem so overawed the Jewish leaders that they refrained from placing Jesus under arrest. Today, this spectacular cleansing of the temple likewise effectively postponed the Master’s apprehension. Day by day the rulers of the Jews were becoming more and more determined to destroy him, but they were distraught by two fears, which conspired to delay the hour of striking. The chief priests and the scribes were unwilling to arrest Jesus in public for fear the multitude might turn upon them in a fury of resentment; they also dreaded the possibility of the Roman guards being called upon to quell a popular uprising.
173:2.2 (1891.3) 在犹太教公会的中午会议上，全体一致同意耶稣必须要被快速毁灭，因为没有任何耶稣的朋友参加这场会议。不过他们无法就他在何时、以何种方式被拘留达成一致。最终他们同意任命五组人去到人们中间，寻求在他教导过程中缠住他或以其他方式在那些倾听他指导的人眼前让他丢脸。相应地，在大约两点，当耶稣就要开始他关于“子民身份之自由”的讲话之时，这些以色列长老中的一组人走近耶稣，以惯常方式打断他，问了这个问题：“你凭借什么权威做这些事情？谁给了你这一权威？”		173:2.2 (1891.3) At the noon session of the Sanhedrin it was unanimously agreed that Jesus must be speedily destroyed, inasmuch as no friend of the Master attended this meeting. But they could not agree as to when and how he should be taken into custody. Finally they agreed upon appointing five groups to go out among the people and seek to entangle him in his teaching or otherwise to discredit him in the sight of those who listened to his instruction. Accordingly, about two o’clock, when Jesus had just begun his discourse on “The Liberty of Sonship,” a group of these elders of Israel made their way up near Jesus and, interrupting him in the customary manner, asked this question: “By what authority do you do these things? Who gave you this authority?”
173:2.3 (1891.4) 圣殿掌管者和犹太人的犹太教公会官员问任何一个擅自以不同寻常方式教导和演出的人这个问题是完全适当的，而这种不同寻常方式正是耶稣的典型特征，尤其关于他在清理圣殿所有商业上的新近行为。这些贸易者和钱币兑换人都凭借来自最高掌管者的直接许可运作，他们获利的一个百分比应直接进入圣殿财库。不要忘记，权威是所有犹太人的口号。先知们总是搅起麻烦，因为他们如此勇敢擅自教导，没有权威，没有在拉比学院受过适当指导并随后被犹太教公会定期任用。在自命不凡的公众教导中缺乏这种权威被视为表明要么无知傲慢，要么公开反叛。在这个时期，只有犹太教公会能够任命一个长老或导师，这一仪式必须要在三个以前如此被任命的人在场时才会发生。这一任命授予“拉比”头衔到这个导师身上，也使他有资格担当一个审判者，“束起和松开带到他面前进行裁决的事务。”		173:2.3 (1891.4) It was altogether proper that the temple rulers and the officers of the Jewish Sanhedrin should ask this question of anyone who presumed to teach and perform in the extraordinary manner which had been characteristic of Jesus, especially as concerned his recent conduct in clearing the temple of all commerce. These traders and money-changers all operated by direct license from the highest rulers, and a percentage of their gains was supposed to go directly into the temple treasury. Do not forget that authority was the watchword of all Jewry. The prophets were always stirring up trouble because they so boldly presumed to teach without authority, without having been duly instructed in the rabbinic academies and subsequently regularly ordained by the Sanhedrin. Lack of this authority in pretentious public teaching was looked upon as indicating either ignorant presumption or open rebellion. At this time only the Sanhedrin could ordain an elder or teacher, and such a ceremony had to take place in the presence of at least three persons who had previously been so ordained. Such an ordination conferred the title of “rabbi” upon the teacher and also qualified him to act as a judge, “binding and loosing such matters as might be brought to him for adjudication.”
173:2.4 (1892.1) 圣殿的掌管者们在这个下午时刻来到耶稣面前，不只挑战他的教导，还挑战他的行为。耶稣清楚知道这些人长久公开教导，他教导的权威是撒旦的，所有他的强大工作都是靠魔王的力量造成的。因此主的确通过问他们一个反问来开始对他们问题的回答。耶稣说：“我也想要问你们一个问题，如果你们会回答我，我同样会告诉你们我凭借什么权威做这些工作。约翰的施洗它是从哪儿来的？约翰是从天上还是从人们那里得到他的权威？”		173:2.4 (1892.1) The rulers of the temple came before Jesus at this afternoon hour challenging not only his teaching but his acts. Jesus well knew that these very men had long publicly taught that his authority for teaching was Satanic, and that all his mighty works had been wrought by the power of the prince of devils. Therefore did the Master begin his answer to their question by asking them a counter-question. Said Jesus: “I would also like to ask you one question which, if you will answer me, I likewise will tell you by what authority I do these works. The baptism of John, whence was it? Did John get his authority from heaven or from men?”
173:2.5 (1892.2) 当他的询问者听到这一切，他们退到一边来彼此商量他们要给出什么回答。他们本想要令耶稣在群众面前尴尬，不过此时他们却发现自己在所有在那时在圣殿庭院中聚集的人面前非常困惑。他们的狼狈更为明显，当他们回到耶稣这儿时说：“关于约翰的施洗，我们无法回答；我们不知道。”他们之所以这样回答主，是因为他们彼此推理：若我们说来自天上，那么他会说，为何你们不相信他，或许会加上他从约翰那儿收到权威；若我们说来自人们，那么群众会攻击我们，因为他们大多认为约翰是个先知；因此他们被迫来到耶稣和民众面前，承认他们以色列的宗教导师和领袖不能（或不愿）就约翰的使命表达意见。当他们说完，耶稣低头看向他们，说道，“我也不会告诉你们，我凭借什么权威做这些事情。”		173:2.5 (1892.2) And when his questioners heard this, they withdrew to one side to take counsel among themselves as to what answer they might give. They had thought to embarrass Jesus before the multitude, but now they found themselves much confused before all who were assembled at that time in the temple court. And their discomfiture was all the more apparent when they returned to Jesus, saying: “Concerning the baptism of John, we cannot answer; we do not know.” And they so answered the Master because they had reasoned among themselves: If we shall say from heaven, then will he say, Why did you not believe him, and perchance will add that he received his authority from John; and if we shall say from men, then might the multitude turn upon us, for most of them hold that John was a prophet; and so they were compelled to come before Jesus and the people confessing that they, the religious teachers and leaders of Israel, could not (or would not) express an opinion about John’s mission. And when they had spoken, Jesus, looking down upon them, said, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.”
173:2.6 (1892.3) 耶稣从未想要诉诸于约翰求得他的权威；约翰从未受过犹太教公会的任命。耶稣的权威在他自己身上，在他父的永恒至高性当中。		173:2.6 (1892.3) Jesus never intended to appeal to John for his authority; John had never been ordained by the Sanhedrin. Jesus’ authority was in himself and in his Father’s eternal supremacy.
173:2.7 (1892.4) 在采用这种方式应付他敌手的过程中，耶稣并未有意回避这个问题。起初看似他犯了巧妙回避的过错，不过并非如此。耶稣从未打算不公平利用他的敌人。在这个看似的回避中，他真正将对于法利赛人关于他使命背后权威问题的答案提供给了他的所有听众。他们宣称过他凭借魔王的权威行事。耶稣反复宣称，他所有教导和工作都是凭借他天上之父的力量和权威。犹太人领袖拒绝接受这一切，正寻求迫使他承认他是一个不正规的导师，因为他从未得到犹太教公会的批准。当他回答他们的过程中，在并未声称权威来自约翰的同时，他也带着推论满足了人们，他敌人诱陷他的努力被有效转到了他们身上，并在所有在场之人眼中十分丢脸。		173:2.7 (1892.4) In employing this method of dealing with his adversaries, Jesus did not mean to dodge the question. At first it may seem that he was guilty of a masterly evasion, but it was not so. Jesus was never disposed to take unfair advantage of even his enemies. In this apparent evasion he really supplied all his hearers with the answer to the Pharisees’ question as to the authority behind his mission. They had asserted that he performed by authority of the prince of devils. Jesus had repeatedly asserted that all his teaching and works were by the power and authority of his Father in heaven. This the Jewish leaders refused to accept and were seeking to corner him into admitting that he was an irregular teacher since he had never been sanctioned by the Sanhedrin. In answering them as he did, while not claiming authority from John, he so satisfied the people with the inference that the effort of his enemies to ensnare him was effectively turned upon themselves and was much to their discredit in the eyes of all present.
173:2.8 (1892.5) 正是主应付他敌手的这种天赋，令他们如此害怕他。那天他们未再尝试任何更多问题；他们撤退去在彼此中间做进一步商量。不过人们很快辨别出犹太人掌管者们所问这些问题中的不诚实和不真诚。甚至普通人也分辨出主的道德威严和他敌人的狡猾伪善。不过对圣殿的清理将撒都该人带到了法利赛人这边，来完善毁灭耶稣的计划。撒都该人此时代表了犹太教公会的大多数。		173:2.8 (1892.5) And it was this genius of the Master for dealing with his adversaries that made them so afraid of him. They attempted no more questions that day; they retired to take further counsel among themselves. But the people were not slow to discern the dishonesty and insincerity in these questions asked by the Jewish rulers. Even the common folk could not fail to distinguish between the moral majesty of the Master and the designing hypocrisy of his enemies. But the cleansing of the temple had brought the Sadducees over to the side of the Pharisees in perfecting the plan to destroy Jesus. And the Sadducees now represented a majority of the Sanhedrin.
3. 关于两个儿子的寓言 ^top		3. Parable of the Two Sons ^top
173:3.1 (1893.1) 当吹毛求疵的法利赛人默默站在耶稣面前，他低下头看向他们说道：“既然你们怀疑约翰的使命，并对人子的教导和工作还有敌意，那么就在我给你们讲一个寓言时倾听吧：有某个伟大而又令人尊敬的地主有两个儿子，在他庞大的财产的管理上渴望他儿子们的帮助。他来到其中一个面前说，‘儿子，今天去到我葡萄园工作吧。’这个欠考虑的儿子回答他父亲说，‘我不去’；不过后来他悔改又去了。当他找到他的大儿子，同样对他说，‘儿子，去到我葡萄园工作吧。’这个伪善而又不忠的儿子回答，‘是的，我的父亲，我会去。’不过当他父亲离开时，他没去。让我问你们，这两个儿子哪个真正履行了他父的意愿？”		173:3.1 (1893.1) As the caviling Pharisees stood there in silence before Jesus, he looked down on them and said: “Since you are in doubt about John’s mission and arrayed in enmity against the teaching and the works of the Son of Man, give ear while I tell you a parable: A certain great and respected landholder had two sons, and desiring the help of his sons in the management of his large estates, he came to one of them, saying, ‘Son, go work today in my vineyard.’ And this unthinking son answered his father, saying, ‘I will not go’; but afterward he repented and went. When he had found his older son, likewise he said to him, ‘Son, go work in my vineyard.’ And this hypocritical and unfaithful son answered, ‘Yes, my father, I will go.’ But when his father had departed, he went not. Let me ask you, which of these sons really did his father’s will?”
173:3.2 (1893.2) 人们同声说，“第一个儿子。”之后，耶稣说道：“即便如此；现在我也要宣布，税吏和妓女，尽管他们看似拒绝悔改的召唤，也必会看到他们道路的错误，而在你们之前继续前往神之王国，你们极力声称服务天上的父，而你们却拒绝履行父的工作。相信约翰的不是你们法利赛人和文士，而是税吏和罪人；你们也不信我的教导，而普通人则很乐意听我的话。”		173:3.2 (1893.2) And the people spoke with one accord, saying, “The first son.” And then said Jesus: “Even so; and now do I declare that the publicans and harlots, even though they appear to refuse the call to repentance, shall see the error of their way and go on into the kingdom of God before you, who make great pretensions of serving the Father in heaven while you refuse to do the works of the Father. It was not you, the Pharisees and scribes, who believed John, but rather the publicans and sinners; neither do you believe my teaching, but the common people hear my words gladly.”
173:3.3 (1893.3) 耶稣本身并不轻视法利赛人和撒都该人。他寻求去贬低的是他们的教导和实践体系。他不对任何人怀有敌意，不过在这儿发生的，是一种属灵的崭新鲜活宗教与充满仪式、传统和权威的旧有宗教之间不可避免的冲突。		173:3.3 (1893.3) Jesus did not despise the Pharisees and Sadducees personally. It was their systems of teaching and practice which he sought to discredit. He was hostile to no man, but here was occurring the inevitable clash between a new and living religion of the spirit and the older religion of ceremony, tradition, and authority.
173:3.4 (1893.4) 十二使徒一直以来站在主附近，不过他们未以任何方式参与到这些事务中来。十二人中的每一个都在以其独特方式回应耶稣在肉体侍奉的这些结束日子中的事件，每个人同样对主避免在这个逾越节期间所有公众教导和布道的禁令保持服从。		173:3.4 (1893.4) All this time the twelve apostles stood near the Master, but they did not in any manner participate in these transactions. Each one of the twelve was reacting in his own peculiar way to the events of these closing days of Jesus’ ministry in the flesh, and each one likewise remained obedient to the Master’s injunction to refrain from all public teaching and preaching during this Passover week.
4. 关于外出地主的寓言 ^top		4. Parable of the Absent Landlord ^top
173:4.1 (1893.5) 当寻求用问题缠住耶稣的主要法利赛人和文士听完这两个儿子的故事，他们退出去进一步商量了，而主则将他的注意力转向倾听的群众，讲了另一个寓言：		173:4.1 (1893.5) When the chief Pharisees and the scribes who had sought to entangle Jesus with their questions had finished listening to the story of the two sons, they withdrew to take further counsel, and the Master, turning his attention to the listening multitude, told another parable:
173:4.2 (1893.6) “有一个是户主的好人，他种植了一个葡萄园。他在它周围设了篱笆，为酿酒挖了一个窖，并为守卫建了一个瞭望塔。之后，他将这个葡萄园租出去给租户们，而他则继续一场长途旅行进入另一个国家。当结果实的季节临近时，他派仆人们到租户们那儿去收他的租金。不过他们彼此商量，并拒绝给这些仆人应付他们主人的果实；相反，他们攻击他的仆人，打了一个，石头砸了另一个，打发其他的空手而归。当户主听到所有这一切，他派了其他更多受信任的仆人去对付这些邪恶的租户，他们也打伤并可耻对待的这些人。之后，户主派他最喜爱的仆人、即他的管家，他们也把他杀了。户主仍怀着耐心和容忍，派了许多其他仆人，但他们并未接待任何一个。他们打了一些，杀了一些，当户主被如此对待时，他决定派他儿子去对付这些不感激的租户，心想，‘他们或许会虐待我的仆人，不过他们必定会对我的爱子表现出尊敬。’不过，当这些不悔改的邪恶租户看到这个儿子，他们彼此理论：‘这是继承人；来，让我们杀了他，那么家产就是我们的了。’因此他们抓住他，将他赶出葡萄园之后，他们杀了他。当那个葡萄园的主人听到他们如何拒绝并杀了他儿子，他会对这些不感激的邪恶租户做什么呢？”		173:4.2 (1893.6) “There was a good man who was a householder, and he planted a vineyard. He set a hedge about it, dug a pit for the wine press, and built a watchtower for the guards. Then he let this vineyard out to tenants while he went on a long journey into another country. And when the season of the fruits drew near, he sent servants to the tenants to receive his rental. But they took counsel among themselves and refused to give these servants the fruits due their master; instead, they fell upon his servants, beating one, stoning another, and sending the others away empty-handed. And when the householder heard about all this, he sent other and more trusted servants to deal with these wicked tenants, and these they wounded and also treated shamefully. And then the householder sent his favorite servant, his steward, and him they killed. And still, in patience and with forbearance, he dispatched many other servants, but none would they receive. Some they beat, others they killed, and when the householder had been so dealt with, he decided to send his son to deal with these ungrateful tenants, saying to himself, ‘They may mistreat my servants, but they will surely show respect for my beloved son.’ But when these unrepentant and wicked tenants saw the son, they reasoned among themselves: ‘This is the heir; come, let us kill him and then the inheritance will be ours.’ So they laid hold on him, and after casting him out of the vineyard, they killed him. When the lord of that vineyard shall hear how they have rejected and killed his son, what will he do to those ungrateful and wicked tenants?”
173:4.3 (1894.1) 当人们听到这个寓言和耶稣问的问题时，他们回答，“他将会毁灭那些卑鄙的人，并将他的葡萄园租出去给其他诚实的农夫，他们将按季给他果实。”当他们听到的人中有些人察觉到这个寓言指的是犹太民族以及对先知的对待，还有对耶稣和王国福音即将发生的拒绝时，他们悲观地说，“神禁止我们继续做这些事了。”		173:4.3 (1894.1) And when the people heard this parable and the question Jesus asked, they answered, “He will destroy those miserable men and let out his vineyard to other and honest farmers who will render to him the fruits in their season.” And when some of them who heard perceived that this parable referred to the Jewish nation and its treatment of the prophets and to the impending rejection of Jesus and the gospel of the kingdom, they said in sorrow, “God forbid that we should go on doing these things.”
173:4.4 (1894.2) 耶稣看见一组撒都该人和法利赛人正穿过人群，他停顿了一刻，直到他们靠近他，这时他说道：“你们知道你们先辈拒绝了先知，你们清楚知道你们心中准备好拒绝人子。”之后，耶稣用探寻的目光看向那些站在他附近的祭司和长老们，说道：“你们难道从未在圣经中读过关于建造者拒绝的石头，当人们发现它时已被造成基石的内容吗？我再次警告你们，若你们继续拒绝这一福音，不久神之王国就会从你们那里拿走，被给向一个愿意接受福音并产出灵性果实的民族。关于这块石头有一个奥秘，因为无论谁掉在它上面，尽管他因此被摔得粉碎，但却得救了；不过这块石头无论落在谁身上，他就会被碾成尘土，他的骨灰散向四方。”		173:4.4 (1894.2) Jesus saw a group of the Sadducees and Pharisees making their way through the crowd, and he paused for a moment until they drew near him, when he said: “You know how your fathers rejected the prophets, and you well know that you are set in your hearts to reject the Son of Man.” And then, looking with searching gaze upon those priests and elders who were standing near him, Jesus said: “Did you never read in the Scripture about the stone which the builders rejected, and which, when the people had discovered it, was made into the cornerstone? And so once more do I warn you that, if you continue to reject this gospel, presently will the kingdom of God be taken away from you and be given to a people willing to receive the good news and to bring forth the fruits of the spirit. And there is a mystery about this stone, seeing that whoso falls upon it, while he is thereby broken in pieces, shall be saved; but on whomsoever this stone falls, he will be ground to dust and his ashes scattered to the four winds.”
173:4.5 (1894.3) 当法利赛人听到这些话语，他们理解耶稣指的是他们自己和其他犹太人领袖。他们极想在彼时彼地抓住他，不过他们害怕群众。然而，他们被主的话语激怒，以致他们撤回并就他们如何能置他于死地彼此举行了进一步的商量。那晚，撒都该人和法利赛人联手计划第二天诱陷他。		173:4.5 (1894.3) When the Pharisees heard these words, they understood that Jesus referred to themselves and the other Jewish leaders. They greatly desired to lay hold on him then and there, but they feared the multitude. However, they were so angered by the Master’s words that they withdrew and held further counsel among themselves as to how they might bring about his death. And that night both the Sadducees and the Pharisees joined hands in the plan to entrap him the next day.
5. 关于婚筵的寓言 ^top		5. Parable of the Marriage Feast ^top
173:5.1 (1894.4) 在文士和掌管者们撤退之后，耶稣再次向聚集的人群致辞，讲了关于婚筵的寓言，他说道：		173:5.1 (1894.4) After the scribes and rulers had withdrawn, Jesus addressed himself again to the assembled crowd and spoke the parable of the wedding feast. He said:
173:5.2 (1894.5) “天国好比某一个国王，他为儿子办了一场婚筵，并派信使们召唤那些之前被邀请到筵席的人前来，说，‘王宫里的婚礼晚筵已经一切备好了。’现在，许多曾许诺参加的人这时拒绝前来。当国王听到这些对他邀请的拒绝，他派了其他仆人和信使，说：‘告诉所有那些被请的前来，看哪，因为我的晚筵已经备好了。我的牛和我的羊羔已宰好，一切都为庆祝我儿子即将到来的婚礼准备好了。’不过那些欠考虑者再次轻视了他们国王的这一召唤，他们各自上路了，一个去了农场，另一个去了陶器厂，其他人则去卖他们的货物。还有一些人不满足于如此轻慢国王的召唤，而是公开反叛，他们抓住国王的信使，可耻地虐待了他们，甚至杀了他们中的一些人，当国王察觉到他选好的宾客、甚至那些接受他最初邀请并许诺参加婚筵的人，最终拒绝了他的召唤且反叛攻击并杀死他选定的信使时，他极为愤怒。之后，这个受辱的国王派出他的军队和他盟友的军队，并指示他们毁灭这些反叛的凶手和烧毁他们的城市。		173:5.2 (1894.5) “The kingdom of heaven may be likened to a certain king who made a marriage feast for his son and dispatched messengers to call those who had previously been invited to the feast to come, saying, ‘Everything is ready for the marriage supper at the king’s palace.’ Now, many of those who had once promised to attend, at this time refused to come. When the king heard of these rejections of his invitation, he sent other servants and messengers, saying: ‘Tell all those who were bidden, to come, for, behold, my dinner is ready. My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all is in readiness for the celebration of the forthcoming marriage of my son.’ But again did the thoughtless make light of this call of their king, and they went their ways, one to the farm, another to the pottery, and others to their merchandise. Still others were not content thus to slight the king’s call, but in open rebellion they laid hands on the king’s messengers and shamefully mistreated them, even killing some of them. And when the king perceived that his chosen guests, even those who had accepted his preliminary invitation and had promised to attend the wedding feast, had finally rejected his call and in rebellion had assaulted and slain his chosen messengers, he was exceedingly wroth. And then this insulted king ordered out his armies and the armies of his allies and instructed them to destroy these rebellious murderers and to burn down their city.
173:5.3 (1895.1) “当他惩罚了那些藐视他邀请的人时，他指定了又一个婚筵的日子，并对他的信使们说：‘第一次被邀请的他们是不值得的，因此现在去到岔路口，去到大路甚至城市的边界以外，你们要找到尽可能多的人，甚至请这些陌生人进来参加这个婚筵。’之后，这些仆人出去到大路和偏僻之处，他们聚集了他们找到的尽可能多的人，好人和坏人，富人和穷人，这样最终婚礼大厅挤满了乐意的宾客。当一切就绪，国王前来看他的宾客，令他非常吃惊的是，他看到那儿有个人没穿婚礼服装。由于国王已免费为他所有宾客提供了婚礼服装，他对这个人致辞，说道：‘朋友，你怎么在这个时刻来到我的宾客大厅而不穿婚礼服装呢？’这个未做好准备的人无言以对。之后，国王对他的仆人说：‘将这个欠考虑的宾客从我的房中扔出去，与所有其他藐视我的热情好客并拒绝我召唤的人共享一样的命运。除了那些乐于接受我邀请、尊重我穿上那些免费供给所有人宾客服装的人以外，我这儿没有别人了。’”		173:5.3 (1895.1) “And when he had punished those who spurned his invitation, he appointed yet another day for the wedding feast and said to his messengers: ‘They who were first bidden to the wedding were not worthy; so go now into the parting of the ways and into the highways and even beyond the borders of the city, and as many as you shall find, bid even these strangers to come in and attend this wedding feast.’ And then these servants went out into the highways and the out-of-the-way places, and they gathered together as many as they found, good and bad, rich and poor, so that at last the wedding chamber was filled with willing guests. When all was ready, the king came in to view his guests, and much to his surprise he saw there a man without a wedding garment. The king, since he had freely provided wedding garments for all his guests, addressing this man, said: ‘Friend, how is it that you come into my guest chamber on this occasion without a wedding garment?’ And this unprepared man was speechless. Then said the king to his servants: ‘Cast out this thoughtless guest from my house to share the lot of all the others who have spurned my hospitality and rejected my call. I will have none here except those who delight to accept my invitation, and who do me the honor to wear those guest garments so freely provided for all.’”
173:5.4 (1895.2) 在讲完这个寓言之后，耶稣就要解散群众了，这时一个同情的信奉者穿过人群走向他，问道：“不过，主，我们如何知道这些事情呢？我们如何准备好接受国王的邀请？你会给我们什么迹象藉此我们会知道您是神的儿子？”当主听到这一切，他说道，“只有一个迹象会给你。”之后，他指向自己的身体，继续道，“毁掉这个圣殿，在三天内我会重建它。”不过他们并未理解他，当他们散开时，他们彼此谈论，说，“这座圣殿一直建了几近五十年，他说他要毁了它并将在三天之内重建它。”甚至他自己的使徒们也不理解这句话的要义，不过随后，在他复活之后，他们忆起了他所说的话。		173:5.4 (1895.2) After speaking this parable, Jesus was about to dismiss the multitude when a sympathetic believer, making his way through the crowds toward him, asked: “But, Master, how shall we know about these things? how shall we be ready for the king’s invitation? what sign will you give us whereby we shall know that you are the Son of God?” And when the Master heard this, he said, “Only one sign shall be given you.” And then, pointing to his own body, he continued, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.” But they did not understand him, and as they dispersed, they talked among themselves, saying, “Almost fifty years has this temple been in building, and yet he says he will destroy it and raise it up in three days.” Even his own apostles did not comprehend the significance of this utterance, but subsequently, after his resurrection, they recalled what he had said.
173:5.5 (1895.3) 这个下午大约四点，耶稣向他的使徒们示意，并表明他想要离开圣殿去伯大尼吃晚餐并休息一夜。在上橄榄山的路上，耶稣指示安德鲁、菲利普和多玛斯，第二天他们应在离城市更近处建立一个营地，他们能在逾越节周余下时间占用。依照这一指示，第二天早上，他们将帐篷搭在了一块属于伯大尼西蒙的地块上，位于俯瞰客西马尼公共露营公园的山腰峡谷中。		173:5.5 (1895.3) About four o’clock this afternoon Jesus beckoned to his apostles and indicated that he desired to leave the temple and to go to Bethany for their evening meal and a night of rest. On the way up Olivet Jesus instructed Andrew, Philip, and Thomas that, on the morrow, they should establish a camp nearer the city which they could occupy during the remainder of the Passover week. In compliance with this instruction the following morning they pitched their tents in the hillside ravine overlooking the public camping park of Gethsemane, on a plot of ground belonging to Simon of Bethany.
173:5.6 (1896.1) 在这个周一晚上，又是一群沉默的犹太人爬上了橄榄山的西面斜坡。这十二个人前所未有地开始感觉到悲惨之事就要发生了。尽管清早期间对圣殿的戏剧性清理唤起了他们看到主宣称自己并展现他强大权能的希望，但整个下午的事件却是作为一种令人扫兴的结尾而运作，因为它们都指向犹太人当权者对耶稣教导的某种拒绝。使徒们被悬疑所绷紧，被一种可怕的不确定感所紧紧抓牢。他们意识到，只有短短几天介于刚过去这天的事件和即将到来厄运的闯入之间。他们都感觉到某种惊人之事就要发生，不过他们不知道期待什么。他们去到不同的地方休息，不过他们都睡得很少。甚至阿尔斐孪生兄弟最后也被唤起意识到，主生命中的事件正快速移向其最终的顶点。		173:5.6 (1896.1) Again it was a silent group of Jews who made their way up the western slope of Olivet on this Monday night. These twelve men, as never before, were beginning to sense that something tragic was about to happen. While the dramatic cleansing of the temple during the early morning had aroused their hopes of seeing the Master assert himself and manifest his mighty powers, the events of the entire afternoon only operated as an anticlimax in that they all pointed to the certain rejection of Jesus’ teaching by the Jewish authorities. The apostles were gripped by suspense and were held in the firm grasp of a terrible uncertainty. They realized that only a few short days could intervene between the events of the day just passed and the crash of an impending doom. They all felt that something tremendous was about to happen, but they knew not what to expect. They went to their various places for rest, but they slept very little. Even the Alpheus twins were at last aroused to the realization that the events of the Master’s life were moving swiftly toward their final culmination.